Display apparatus having transmission area and pixel area, and method of manufacturing the same
A display apparatus includes a substrate including a display area including a transmission area and a pixel area, and a peripheral area adjacent to the display area; a display element disposed corresponding to the pixel area, the display element including a pixel electrode, an intermediate layer on the pixel electrode, and an opposite electrode on the intermediate layer; a hydrophobic layer disposed corresponding to the transmission area; and a plurality of fine particles disposed on the hydrophobic layer, the plurality of fine particles and the opposite electrode including a same material.
1. A method of manufacturing a display apparatus, the method comprising:
preparing a substrate including a display area and a peripheral area adjacent to the display area, the display area comprising a transmission area and a pixel area;
forming a pixel electrode corresponding to the pixel area;
forming an intermediate layer on the pixel electrode corresponding to the pixel area and the transmission area;
forming a hydrophobic layer on the intermediate layer corresponding to the transmission area; and
applying an electrode material onto the intermediate layer corresponding to the pixel area and onto the hydrophobic layer corresponding to the transmission area.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the applying of the electrode material comprises:
forming an opposite electrode on the intermediate layer corresponding to the pixel area; and
forming a plurality of fine particles on the hydrophobic layer corresponding to the transmission area.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the forming of the opposite electrode and the forming of the plurality of fine particles are performed simultaneously.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein
the electrode material has hydrophilicity, and
the forming of the opposite electrode includes forming the opposite electrode only in the pixel area by the hydrophobic layer.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein, in a direction perpendicular to a surface of the substrate upon which the pixel electrode is formed, the pixel electrode does not overlap the transmission area.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein, in a direction perpendicular to a surface of the substrate upon which the hydrophobic layer is formed, the hydrophobic layer does not overlap the pixel area.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein, in a view in a direction perpendicular to a surface of the substrate upon which the pixel electrode is disposed, the hydrophobic layer is spaced apart from the pixel electrode.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming the intermediate layer comprises:
forming a first common layer on the substrate in correspondence with both the pixel area and the transmission area; and
forming an emission layer on the first common layer in correspondence with the pixel area such that the emission layer overlaps the pixel electrode.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the emission layer is not formed in correspondence with the transmission area.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein
forming the intermediate layer further comprises forming a second common layer on the substrate in correspondence with both the pixel area and the transmission area,
in correspondence with the pixel area, the emission layer is disposed between the second common layer and the first common layer, and
in correspondence with the transmission area, both the first common layer and the second common layer are disposed between the hydrophobic layer and the substrate.
11. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:
forming a capping layer on the opposite electrode in correspondence with the pixel area,
wherein, in a view in a direction perpendicular to a surface of the substrate upon which the pixel electrode is disposed, the capping layer is spaced apart from the transmission area.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
forming an encapsulation layer on the capping layer in correspondence with the pixel area and on the hydrophobic layer in correspondence with the transmission area,
wherein, in correspondence with the transmission area, the plurality of fine particles is disposed between the encapsulation layer and the hydrophobic layer.
13. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:
forming a capping layer on the opposite electrode in correspondence with the pixel area and on the hydrophobic layer in correspondence with the transmission area,
wherein, in correspondence with the transmission area, the plurality of fine particles is disposed between the capping layer and the hydrophobic layer.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein
the hydrophobic layer comprises a first surface facing the substrate and a second surface opposing the first surface, and
applying the electrode material comprises forming a plurality of fine particles on the second surface of the hydrophobic layer in correspondence with the transmission area.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the plurality of fine particles are formed only in correspondence with the transmission area.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein, in a direction perpendicular to a surface of the substrate upon which the pixel electrode is disposed, the intermediate layer is formed closer to the substrate in correspondence with the transmission area than in correspondence with the pixel area.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein, in a direction perpendicular to a surface of the substrate upon which the pixel electrode is disposed, the hydrophobic layer is formed closer to the substrate than the pixel electrode.
18. A method of manufacturing a display apparatus, the method comprising:
forming, on a surface of a substrate, a pixel electrode in a pixel area of a display area of the display apparatus, the display area further comprising a transmission area adjacent to the pixel area, the display apparatus further comprising a peripheral area outside the display area;
forming an intermediate layer on the pixel electrode in the pixel area and on the substrate in the transmission area;
forming a hydrophobic layer on the intermediate layer in the transmission area; and
applying an electrode material on both the intermediate layer in the pixel area and on the hydrophobic layer in the transmission area,
wherein, in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate, the hydrophobic layer is formed closer to the substrate than the pixel electrode.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein applying the electrode material on both the intermediate layer in the pixel area and on the hydrophobic layer in the transmission area comprises:
forming an opposite electrode on the intermediate layer in the pixel area; and
forming a plurality of fine particles on the hydrophobic layer in the transmission area.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the plurality of fine particles are formed on the hydrophobic layer in the transmission area during formation of at least a portion of the opposite electrode on the intermediate layer in the pixel area.