Surface-treated, transportable ISO tanks and methods of reducing deposition of a friction reducer on a surface
Treated, transportable ISO tanks include an interior metal surface and a hydrophobic surface layer applied thereto, directly or through an intermediate layer. The surface layer comprises a self-assembled monolayer prepared from a fluorinated material having the structure: wherein A is an oxygen radical or a chemical bond; n is 1 to 20; Y is H, F, C n H 2n+1 or C n F 2n+1 ; X is H or F; b is at least 1, m is 0 to 50, p is 1 to 20, and Z is an acid group or an acid derivative. Also, a method of reducing deposition of a friction reducer on a surface of an apparatus that stores or transports the same, includes contacting the surface with the above fluorinated material in a diluent, directly or through an intermediate layer; forming a film on the surface; and introducing the friction reducer therein.
1 . A method of reducing deposition of a friction reducer on a metal surface of an apparatus that stores or transports the friction reducer, the method comprising:
(a) contacting a metal surface of an apparatus that stores or transports the friction reducer, either directly or through an intermediate organometallic layer, with a fluorinated material in a diluent, wherein the fluorinated material has the following structure:
wherein A is an oxygen radical or a chemical bond, n is 1 to 20, Y is H, F, C n H 2n+1 or C n F 2n+1 , X is H or F, b is at least 1, m is 0 to 50, p is 1 to 20, and Z is an acid group or an acid derivative;
(b) forming a hydrophobic surface layer on the metal surface to reduce deposition of the friction reducer thereon; and (c) introducing the friction reducer into the apparatus.
2 . The method of claim 1 wherein the friction reducer comprises a polyacrylamide polymer.
3 . The method of claim 2 wherein the friction reducer is suspended in a carrier comprising mineral oil.
4 . The method of claim 1 wherein the apparatus comprises an ISO tank.
5 . The method of claim 1 wherein the surface comprises stainless steel.
6 . The method of claim 1 wherein the fluorinated material is dissolved or dispersed in a diluent to form a solution or dispersion, and the solution or dispersion is coalesced on the surface to form the hydrophobic surface layer.
7 . The method of claim 1 wherein Z is selected from:
where R″ is a hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radical having up to 200 carbons, and R and R′ are each independently H, a metal or an amine or an aliphatic or substituted aliphatic radical having 1 to 50 carbons or an aryl or substituted aryl radical having 6 to 50 carbons.
8 . The method of claim 7 wherein Z is
9 . The method of claim 1 wherein n is 1 to 6; b is 5 to 12, m is 1 to 6, and p is 2 to 4.
10 . The method of claim 1 wherein the fluorinated material in the hydrophobic surface layer is adhered to an intermediate organometallic layer.
11 . The method of claim 10 wherein the intermediate organometallic layer is a polymeric metal oxide with alkoxide and hydroxyl groups.
12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the diluent comprises at least one of a glycol, a glycol ether, 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluoro-4-methoxybutane, 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluoro-4-ethoxybutane, 3-ethoxyperfluoro(2-methylhexane), 1H,1H,5H-Octafluoropentyl-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, and 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-Decafluoropentane.
13 . The method of claim 12 wherein Z is selected from:
where R″ is a hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radical having up to 200 carbons, and R and R′ are each independently H, a metal or an amine or an aliphatic or substituted aliphatic radical having 1 to 50 carbons or an aryl or substituted aryl radical having 6 to 50 carbons.