IP Library Granted Patent US 12,631,822
Granted Patent B2
US 12,631,822 · App. 18/547,662 · Granted May 19, 2026

Optical waveguide and method of manufacture thereof

Inventors: Xuejun Xu (Tokyo, JP); Takehiko Tawara (Tokyo, JP); Tai Tsuchizawa (Tokyo, JP)
Assignee: NTT, INC.
G02B6/131G02B2006/12061G02B2006/1208
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Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,631,822
App. No.
18/547,662
Granted
May 19, 2026
Kind
B2
Abstract

An optical waveguide includes a cladding layer, a Si layer, a REO layer, and a cap layer. The REO layer is made of a single-crystal rare earth oxide, and is formed on the Si layer. The cap layer is formed on the REO layer. The cap layer may be made of a material transparent to light to be guided. The cap layer has a stripe shape extending in a direction in which light is guided.

Claims (37)

1 . An optical waveguide comprising:

a cladding layer;

a Si layer made of single-crystal Si and on the cladding layer;

a rare earth oxide (REO) layer made of a single-crystal rare earth oxide and disposed on the Si layer; and

a stripe-shaped cap layer on the REO layer and extending in a direction in which light is guided,

wherein

a width of the stripe-shaped cap layer is in a range of 2.45 μm to 3.0 μm, and

a leakage loss of guided light with a wavelength of 1462 nm is not more than 4.96 dB/cm.

2 . The optical waveguide according to claim 1 , wherein a center of a mode of light to be guided is in a vicinity of an interface between the Si layer and the REO layer in a region where the stripe-shaped cap layer overlaps the Si layer and the REO layer.

3 . The optical waveguide according to claim 1 , wherein the stripe-shaped cap layer is made of SiN or Si.

4 . The optical waveguide according to claim 3 , wherein the cladding layer is made of a silicon oxide.

5 . The optical waveguide according to claim 4 , wherein a center of a mode of light to be guided is in a vicinity of an interface between the Si layer and the REO layer in a region where the stripe-shaped cap layer overlaps the Si layer and the REO layer.

6 . The optical waveguide according to claim 3 , wherein a center of a mode of light to be guided is in a vicinity of an interface between the Si layer and the REO layer in a region where the stripe-shaped cap layer overlaps the Si layer and the REO layer.

7 . The optical waveguide according to claim 1 , wherein the cladding layer is made of a silicon oxide.

8 . The optical waveguide according to claim 7 , wherein a center of a mode of light to be guided is in a vicinity of an interface between the Si layer and the REO layer in a region where the stripe-shaped cap layer overlaps the Si layer and the REO layer.

9 . The optical waveguide according to claim 1 , wherein the REO layer is made of (Er x Gd 1-x ) 2 O 3 .

10 . The optical waveguide according to claim 1 , wherein a width of the cladding layer is in a range of 0.5 μm to 3 μm.

11 . The optical waveguide according to claim 1 , wherein:

the width of the stripe-shaped cap layer is 2.45 μm, and

the leakage loss of the guided light with the wavelength of 1462 nm is not more than 0.37 dB/cm.

12 . A method of manufacturing an optical waveguide, the method comprising:

forming a Si layer made of single-crystal Si over a cladding layer;

forming a rare earth oxide (REO) layer contacting the Si layer, the REO layer being made of a single-crystal rare earth oxide; and

depositing a cap layer over the REO layer; and

patterning the cap layer to form a stripe-shaped cap layer on the REO layer and extending in a direction in which light is guided,

wherein:

a width of the stripe-shaped cap layer is in a range of 2.45 μm to 3.0 μm, and

a leakage loss of guided light with a wavelength of 1462 nm is not more than 4.96 dB/cm.

13 . The method according to claim 12 , wherein forming the REO layer comprises epitaxially growing the REO layer on the Si layer.

14 . The method according to claim 12 , wherein a center of a mode of light to be guided is in a vicinity of an interface between the Si layer and the REO layer in a region where the cap layer overlaps the Si layer and the REO layer.

15 . The method according to claim 12 , wherein the cap layer is made of SiN or Si.

16 . The method according to claim 12 , wherein the cladding layer is made of a silicon oxide.

17 . The method according to claim 12 , wherein the REO layer is made of (Er x Gd 1-x ) 2 O 3 .

18 . The method according to claim 12 , wherein a width of the cladding layer is in a range of 0.5 μm to 3 μm.

19 . The method according to claim 12 , wherein:

the width of the stripe-shaped cap layer is 2.45 μm, and

the leakage loss of guided light with the wavelength of 1462 nm is not more than 0.37 dB/cm.

Assignments (3)
CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE TYPOGRAPHICAL ERROR IN THE FIRST INVENTOR'S NAME. PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 64684 FRAME 810. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST. Recorded Apr 16, 2026
From: XU, XUEJUN; TAWARA, TAKEHIKO; TSUCHIZAWA, TAI
To: NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CORPORATION
Reel/Frame 075409/0543 →
CHANGE OF NAME Recorded Oct 7, 2025
From: NIPPON TELEGRAPH AN D TELEPHONE CORPORATION
To: NTT, INC.
Reel/Frame 073015/0325 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Aug 23, 2023
From: XU, XUEJIN; TAWARA, TAKEHIKO; TSUCHIZAWA, TAI
To: NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CORPORATION
Reel/Frame 064684/0810 →
Continuity (2)
Related Publication 20240134119A1 · Apr 25, 2024
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References Cited (10)
US 20050226591A1 · Gardner · 2005 [cited by examiner]
US 20210223473A1 · Bian · 2021 [cited by examiner]
JP 2015032722A · 2015 [cited by examiner]
Xu et al, Optical Properties of Er-incorporated Rare-Earth Oxide in Horizontal Slot Waveguide, JSAP Autumn Meeting Sep. 18, 2019 (Year: 2019). [cited by examiner]
English translation of PCT/JP2021/007028 written opinion (Year: 2022). [cited by examiner]
Xu et al., Low-loss erbium-incorporated rare-earth oxide waveguides on Si with bound states in the continuum and the large optical signal enhancement in them, vol. 29, No. 25 / Dec. 6, 2021 / Optics Express 41132 (Year:… [cited by examiner]
English translation of JP-2015032722-A (Year: 2015). [cited by examiner]
Frankis et al., “Erbium-doped TeO2-coated Si3N4 waveguide amplifiers with 5 dB net gain,” Photonics Research, vol. 8, No. 2, Feb. 2020, pp. 127-134. As discussed in the specification. [cited by applicant]
VÁZQUEZ-Córdova et al., “Erbium-doped spiral amplifiers with 20 dB of net gain on silicon,” Optics Express, vol. 22, No. 21, Oct. 2014, 12 pages. As discussed in the specification. [cited by applicant]
Xu et al., “Optical Properties of Er-incorporated Rare Earth Oxide in Horizontal Slot Waveguide,” The 80th JSAP Autumn Meeting, Proceedings, 2019 The Japan Society of Applied Physics, Sep. 2019, 1 page. [cited by applicant]