Self-sanitizing structure for automatically neutralizing infectious agents on the structure's commonly touched surfaces
Embodiments of the invention are directed to a method of forming a self-sanitizing structure. The method includes forming a body region that includes scattering elements in a host composite material. The body region further includes a contact surface that can be contacted by a person during an intended use of the self-sanitizing structure. The method further includes forming an energy source configured to generate electromagnetic radiation and direct the electromagnetic radiation through the body region to the contact surface. Forming the body region further includes configuring the body region to scatter the electromagnetic radiation and pass the scattered electromagnetic radiation through the body region to the contact surface in a manner that maintains the scattered electromagnetic radiation that reaches the contact surface as sanitizing electromagnetic radiation. The sanitizing electromagnetic radiation is electromagnetic radiation that is at or above a minimum irradiance level that neutralizes infectious agents.
1. A method of forming a self-sanitizing structure, the method comprising:
forming a body region comprising scattering elements in a host composite material, wherein the body region includes a contact surface that can be contacted by a person during an intended use of the self-sanitizing structure; and
forming an energy source configured to:
generate electromagnetic radiation; and
direct the electromagnetic radiation through the body region to the contact surface;
wherein forming the body region further comprises configuring the body region to scatter the electromagnetic radiation and pass the scattered electromagnetic radiation through the body region to the contact surface in a manner that maintains the scattered electromagnetic radiation that reaches the contact surface as sanitizing electromagnetic radiation; and
wherein the sanitizing electromagnetic radiation is electromagnetic radiation that is at or above a minimum irradiance level that neutralizes infectious agents.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the sanitizing electromagnetic radiation that reaches the contact surface is determined by properties of the self-sanitizing structure; and
the properties of the self-sanitizing structure comprise:
scattering elements in the body region;
spacing between the scattering elements in the body region; and
a size of each of the scattering elements in the body region.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein:
the size of each of the scattering element is sufficient to scatter the electromagnetic radiation: and
the spacings between the scattering elements in the body region are sufficient to enable the scattered electromagnetic radiation to pass through the body region to the contact surface.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein:
the host composite material comprises a matrix material; and
a refractive index of the matrix material is different than a refractive index of the scattering elements.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein:
the body region comprises a substantially rigid material; and
the scattering elements comprise particulate elements.
6. The method of claim 3 , wherein:
the body region comprises a substantially flexible material; and
the scattering elements comprise fibrous elements.
7. The method of claim 3 , wherein:
the electromagnetic radiation comprises a wavelength within a range from about 380 nanometers to about 500 nanometers; and
the minimum irradiance level comprises about 0.5 mW/cm 2 .
8. The method of claim 3 , wherein:
the electromagnetic radiation comprises a wavelength within a range from about 380 nanometers to about 500 nanometers; and
the minimum irradiance level comprises about 1 mW/cm 2 .
9. The method of claim 3 , wherein the energy source comprises multiple discrete energy sources.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the properties of the self-sanitizing structure further comprise:
spacings between the multiple discrete energy sources; and
a distance from each of the multiple discrete energy sources to the contact surface.