Vaporizable alkaloid compositions and methods of use thereof
In various embodiments of the present disclosure, vaporizable alkaloid compositions are described that are capable of forming an inhalable vapor when dispensed from an electronic device such as an e-cigarette. The compositions herein comprise a substituted pyridine compound in combination with a chemosensory irritant, which in certain examples comprises a spice additive having a spiciness of from about 1,000 to about 20,000,000 Scoville Heat Units (SHU). A series of vaporizable alkaloid compositions having decreasing (w/v) amounts of substituted pyridine compound are provided as part of a smoking cessation program.
1. A vaporizable alkaloid composition, comprising:
at least one substituted pyridine compound of Formula (I), or salt or mixed salt thereof;
wherein R 5 is CH 3 , and R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are independently selected from alkyl, H, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and substituted alkenyl, with the proviso that at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is not H,
at least one flavoring agent selected from the group comprising geraniol, geranial, valeric acid, ethyl maltol, ethyl butyrate, ethyl acetate, maltol, ethyl 3-methyl-3-phenylglycidate, furaneol, methyl cyclopentenolone, methyl cyclopentenolone, ethyl cyclopentenolone, δ-decalactone, γ-decalactone, α-nonalactone, β-nonalactone, cis-3-hexanol, iso-amyl acetate, ethyl-2-methyl butyrate, butyric acid, ethyl butyrate, 2-methylbutyric acid, benzyl alcohol, ethyl hexanoate, benzaldehyde, iso-amyl isovalerate, hexanoic acid, ethyl propionate, γ-undecalactone, acetyl propionyl, raspberry ketone, furfural, 5-methylfurfural, maltol, 2-acetylpyrazine, 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine, 2-acetylpyrrole, 2-isopropyl-4-methylthiazole, 2-isobutylthiazole, furfuryl mercaptan, thiomenthone, p-menthene-8-thiol, tropathiane, hexyl acetate and mixtures thereof wherein the vaporizable alkaloid composition is entirely devoid of (R) or (S) nicotine.
2. The vaporizable alkaloid composition of claim 1 , wherein the substituted pyridine compound, or salt thereof, or mixed salt thereof, is selected from (R) or (S)-2-methyl-3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine, (R) or (S)-4-methyl-3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine, (R) or (S)-3-methyl-5-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine, (R) or (S)-2-methyl-5-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine, (R) or (S)-2,6-dimethyl-3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine, (R) or (S)-2,4-dimethyl-5-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine, (R) or (S)-2,3-dimethyl-5-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine, (R) or (S)-2,4-dimethyl-3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine, (R) or (S)-2,5-dimethyl-3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine, and (R) or (S)-3,4-dimethyl-5-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine.
3. The vaporizable alkaloid composition of claim 1 , wherein the substituted pyridine compound, or salt thereof, or mixed salt thereof, is (S)-2-methyl-5-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine.
4. The vaporizable alkaloid composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one substituted pyridine compound of Formula (I), or salt thereof, or mixed salt thereof, consists of a mixture of (S)-2-methyl-3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine free base and (2S)-1-methyl-2-(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-ium citrate/acetate mixed salts.
5. The vaporizable alkaloid composition of claim 1 , further comprising at least one chemosensory irritant.
6. The vaporizable alkaloid composition of claim 5 , wherein the at least one chemosensory irritant is selected from the group consisting of oleocanthal, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, 4-oxo-2-nonenal, allicin, allyl isothiocyanate, icilin, polygodial, cinnamaldehyde, trans-p-methoxycinnamaldehyde, methyl syringate, 2-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile, 1-chloroacetophenone, ethyl bromoacetate, 4-hydroxyhexenal, toluene diisocyanate, p-benzoquinone, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, flufenamic acid, niflumic acid, mefenamic acid, diclofenac, hydroxy-α-sanshool, 6-paradol, linalool, carvacrol, eugenol, thymol, vanillin, methyl eugenol, 2,6-dimethylphenol, 2,5-dimethylphenol, 3,4-dimethylphenol, 2,6-diisopropylphenol, caffeine, farnesyl thiosalicylic acid, 4-allylanisole, curcumin, niacin, camphor, olvanil, arvanil, anandamide, cannabidiol, Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol, baicalein, baicalin, wogonin, norwogonin, oroxylin A, β-sitosterol and mixtures thereof.
7. The vaporizable alkaloid composition of claim 5 , wherein the chemosensory irritant is a spice additive exhibiting a spiciness of from about 1,000 to about 20,000,000 Scoville Heat Units (SHU).
8. The vaporizable alkaloid composition of claim 7 , wherein the spice additive is selected from the group consisting of capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, norcapsaicin, nordihydrocapsaicin, homocapsaicin, homodihydrocapsaicin, gingerol, piperine, Shogaol, isopiperine, chavicine, isochavicine, 2-piperamine, piperanine (4,5-dihydropiperine), piperamide, 4-pipericide, piperyline, piperlonguminine, piperettine, piperdardine (6,7-dihydropiperettine), 5-sarmentodine, 6-sarmentine, 7-trichostachine, and mixtures thereof.
9. The vaporizable alkaloid composition of claim 8 , wherein the spice additive is capsaicin or a mixture of capsaicinoids.
10. The vaporizable alkaloid composition of claim 1 , further comprising at least one solvent.
11. The vaporizable alkaloid composition of claim 10 , wherein the at least one solvent is selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol, water, ethanol, glycerin, and mixtures thereof.
12. The vaporizable alkaloid composition of claim 1 , further comprising an organic acid selected from the group consisting of formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, aspartic acid, butanoic acid, butyric acid, 2-methylbutyric acid, 3-methylbutyric acid, benzoic acid, caprylic acid, citric acid, crotonic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, fumaric acid, gluconic acid, glutamic acid, glyceric acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, lauric acid, levulinic acid, maleic acid, malic acid, malonic acid, mandelic acid, methane sulfonic acid, oxalic acid, phenylacetic acid, phthalic acid, picric acid, propionic acid, pyruvic acid, salicylic acid, stearic acid, succinic acid, tannic acid, tartaric acid, tartronic acid, valeric acid, and mixtures thereof.
13. The vaporizable alkaloid composition of claim 12 , wherein the organic acid is selected from the group consisting of citric acid, acetic acid, benzoic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, salicylic acid, malic acid, levulinic acid, and mixtures thereof.
14. The vaporizable alkaloid composition of claim 12 , wherein the molar ratio of total substituted pyridine compound to total organic acid is about 25:1 to about 75:1.
15. The vaporizable alkaloid composition of claim 1 , further comprising at least one chemosensory irritant and at least one solvent.
16. The vaporizable alkaloid composition of claim 1 , further comprising at least one chemosensory irritant and at least one flavoring agent.
17. The vaporizable alkaloid composition of claim 1 , further comprising at least one solvent and at least one flavoring agent.
18. A vaporizable alkaloid composition comprising:
from about 1 wt. % to about 80 wt. % of (S)-2-methyl-5-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl) pyridine;
from about 0.05 wt. % to about 1.5 wt. % in total of at least one organic acid;
and
remainder solvent,
wherein the weight percentages are based on the total weight of the vaporizable alkaloid composition; and
wherein the molar ratio of moles of (S)-2-methyl-5-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine to total moles of organic acid is from about 25:1 to about 75:1.
19. The vaporizable alkaloid composition of claim 18 , further comprising from about 0.0001 wt. % to about 0.50 wt. % of a spice additive having a spiciness of from about 1,000 to about 20,000,000 Scoville Heat Units (SHU).
20. The vaporizable composition of claim 18 , wherein the molar ratio of moles of (S)-2-methyl-5-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine to total moles of organic acid is about 50:1.
21. The vaporizable composition of claim 18 , wherein the (w/v) concentration of (S)-2-methyl-5-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in the vaporizable alkaloid composition is from about 1 mg/mL to about 1,000 mg/mL.
22. The vaporizable composition of claim 18 , wherein the (w/v) concentration of (S)-2-methyl-5-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in the vaporizable alkaloid composition is about 100 mg/mL.
23. The vaporizable alkaloid composition of claim 18 , wherein the at least one organic acid consists of a mixture of citric acid and acetic acid.
24. The vaporizable alkaloid composition of claim 18 , wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol, glycerin, ethanol, and mixtures thereof.
25. The vaporizable alkaloid composition of claim 19 , wherein the spice additive comprises capsaicin.
26. The vaporizable alkaloid composition of claim 1 , further comprising methyl salicylate or ethyl vanillin.