Method for consolidating sand in hydrocarbon reservoirs
Preventing the flow of soil grains into oil and gas wells is highly desirable for the protection of hydrocarbon production. Geotechnical engineering solutions addressing this issue may utilize enzyme-induced precipitation methods to consolidate and increase shear strength. Methods may comprise: providing a mixture comprising urea, a urease enzyme, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, and a cellulose; contacting at least a portion of the mixture with at least a portion of a subterranean formation; and forming a biomineral precipitate within the subterranean formation. The biomineral precipitate, comprised of a carbonate mineral and an evaporite mineral, may consolidate particles within the subterranean formation to form a consolidated body.
1. A method comprising:
providing a mixture comprising urea, a urease enzyme, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, and a cellulose;
contacting at least a portion of the mixture with at least a portion of a subterranean formation; and
forming a biomineral precipitate within the subterranean formation;
wherein the biomineral precipitate consolidates particles within the subterranean formation to form a consolidated body, and the biomineral precipitate comprises a carbonate mineral and an evaporite mineral,
wherein the biomineral precipitate comprises about 30 wt. % to about 70 wt. % carnallite.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture is an aqueous fluid.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cellulose comprises carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC).
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the mixture comprises from about 1 g/L to about 3 g/L of the carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC).
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein contacting at least a portion of the mixture with at least a portion of a subterranean formation comprises contacting about one pore volume of the mixture with a subterranean formation.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming a biomineral precipitate within the subterranean formation occurs at a temperature of about 25° C. to about 90° C.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the particles within the subterranean formation comprise sand particulates.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming a biomineral precipitate within the subterranean formation occurs for a time of from about 48 hours to about 72 hours.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the consolidated body has an average consolidated strength (ISE) of from about 450 to about 1100 psi, as measured by ASTM C1895-20.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the consolidated body has a distribution of consolidated strengths (ISEs) along a longest length of the consolidated body of about ±100 psi, as measured by ASTM C1895-20.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbonate mineral comprises calcite, dolomite, and vaterite.
12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
contacting at least one additional portion of the mixture with at least a portion of a subterranean formation; and
forming at least one additional biomineral precipitate within the subterranean formation.
13. A method comprising:
providing a mixture comprising urea, a urease enzyme, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, and a cellulose;
contacting at least a portion of the mixture with at least a portion of a subterranean formation; and
forming a biomineral precipitate within the subterranean formation;
wherein the biomineral precipitate consolidates particles within the subterranean formation to form a consolidated body, and the biomineral precipitate comprises a carbonate mineral and an evaporite mineral, and
wherein the biomineral precipitate comprises carnallite in a greater amount than either calcite or dolomite.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the mixture is an aqueous fluid.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the cellulose comprises carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC).
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the mixture comprises from about 1 g/L to about 3 g/L of the carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC).
17. The method of claim 13 , wherein contacting at least a portion of the mixture with at least a portion of a subterranean formation comprises contacting about one pore volume of the mixture with a subterranean formation.
18. The method of claim 13 , wherein forming a biomineral precipitate within the subterranean formation occurs at a temperature of about 25° C. to about 90° C.; and/or for a time of from about 48 hours to about 72 hours.
19. The method of claim 13 , wherein the particles within the subterranean formation comprise sand particulates.
20. The method of claim 13 , wherein the consolidated body has an average consolidated strength (ISE) of from about 450 to about 1100 psi, as measured by ASTM C1895-20; and/or
wherein the consolidated body has a distribution of consolidated strengths (ISEs) along a longest length of the consolidated body of about ±100 psi, as measured by ASTM C1895-20.