Coherent dispersible granules and methods for forming coherent dispersible granules
Coherent dispersible granules are disclosed including at least one metal oxide domain and at least one phosphate domain, wherein the at least one metal oxide domain and the at least one phosphate domain are present in the coherent dispersible granules as distinct domains coherently agglomerated together and the coherent dispersible granules have a coherent dispersible granule crush strength of at least 5 lbf. Methods for forming the coherent dispersible granules are disclosed, including co-agglomerating at least one of ammonium phosphate, superphosphate slurry, or nitrophosphate slurry and the metal oxide particles in a rotary drum ammoniator-granulator or granulator to form coherent dispersible granules, and drying the coherent dispersible granules.
1 . Coherent dispersible granules, comprising:
at least one metal oxide domain; and
at least one phosphate domain,
wherein the at least one metal oxide domain and the at least one phosphate domain are present in the coherent dispersible granules as distinct domains coherently agglomerated together and the coherent dispersible granules have a coherent dispersible granule crush strength of at least 5 lbf, and
wherein the at least one phosphate domain includes a phosphate selected from the group consisting of:
superphosphate, present at a metal oxide:phosphate ratio of from 4:1 to 1:4;
nitrophosphate;
ammonium phosphate; and
combinations thereof.
2 . The coherent dispersible granules of claim 1 , further including at least one additional domain present as a distinct domain, wherein the at least one additional domain is selected from the group consisting of:
at least one nutrient domain including at least one additive selected from the group consisting of bioavailable species of molybdenum, selenium, zinc, copper, cobalt, iron, nickel, manganese, vanadium, calcium, potassium, sulfur, chlorine, silicon, magnesium, sodium, nitrogen, boron, and combinations thereof;
at least one pesticide domain;
at least one biological additive domain including at least one additive selected from the group consisting of humics, fulvics, living microbes, microbial metabolites, plant extracts, exogenous plant hormones, and combinations thereof; and
combinations thereof.
3 . The coherent dispersible granules of claim 2 , wherein the at least one additional domain is coherently agglomerated with the at least one metal oxide domain and the at least one phosphate domain in the coherent dispersible granules.
4 . The coherent dispersible granules of claim 2 , wherein the at least one additional domain is agglomerated with the coherently agglomerated at least one metal oxide domain and at least one phosphate domain.
5 . The coherent dispersible granules of claim 2 , wherein the at least one additional domain is coated onto the coherently agglomerated at least one metal oxide domain and at least one phosphate domain.
6 . The coherent dispersible granules of claim 1 , wherein the coherent dispersible granules have an intergranular variability in metal oxide:phosphate weight ratio of ±40%.
7 . The coherent dispersible granules of claim 1 , wherein the at least one metal oxide domain includes an activated metal oxide domain.
8 . The coherent dispersible granules of claim 1 , wherein the at least one metal oxide domain and the at least one phosphate domain are intragranularly homogenously distributed in the coherent dispersible granules.
9 . The coherent dispersible granules of claim 1 , wherein the at least one metal oxide domain and the at least one phosphate domain are intergranularly homogenously distributed in the coherent dispersible granules.
10 . The coherent dispersible granules of claim 1 , wherein the at least one metal oxide domain is at least 80% surrounded by the at least one phosphate domain.
11 . The coherent dispersible granules of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide:phosphate weight ratio ranges from 4:1 to 1:4.
12 . The coherent dispersible granules of claim 1 , further including at least one of a water-soluble binder, a suspension agent, or an emulsifying agent.
13 . Coherent dispersible granules, comprising:
at least one metal oxide domain including metal oxide selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, α-alumina, β-alumina, γ-alumina, ϵ-alumina, bauxite, bauxite residue, alum sludge, alumina trihydrate, alumina monohydrate, boehmite, pseudoboehmite, gibbsite, iron oxide, hematite, maghemite, magnetite, goethite, iron hydroxide, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, copper oxide, magnesium oxide, manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, nickel oxide, silicon dioxide, and combinations thereof; and
at least one phosphate domain,
wherein the at least one metal oxide domain and the at least one phosphate domain are present in the coherent dispersible granules as distinct domains coherently agglomerated together and the coherent dispersible granules have a coherent dispersible granule crush strength of at least 5 lbf, and
wherein the at least one phosphate domain includes a phosphate selected from the group consisting of:
superphosphate, present at a metal oxide:phosphate ratio of from 4:1 to 1:4;
nitrophosphate;
ammonium phosphate; and
combinations thereof.
14 . A method for forming coherent dispersible granules, comprising:
forming a phosphate in a reactor vessel;
introducing metal oxide particles into the presence of the phosphate while the phosphate is being formed;
co-agglomerating the phosphate and the metal oxide particles in a rotary drum granulator to form coherent dispersible granules; and
drying the coherent dispersible granules,
wherein the coherent dispersible granules include at least one metal oxide domain and at least one phosphate domain which are present in the coherent dispersible granules as distinct domains and the coherent dispersible granules have a coherent dispersible granule crush strength of at least 5 lbf.
15 . The method of claim 14 , wherein forming the phosphate includes melting at least one acidic phosphate from a solid form to a liquid form.
16 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the at least one acidic phosphate is selected from the group consisting of monoammonium phosphates, diammonium phosphates, and combinations thereof.
17 . The method of claim 15 , wherein melting the at least one acidic phosphate and co-agglomerating the at least one acidic phosphate and the metal oxide particles includes a steam granulation process.
18 . The method of claim 14 , wherein forming the phosphate includes:
disposing phosphoric acid and, optionally, sulfuric acid in an acid surge tank; and
reacting the phosphoric acid and, optionally, the sulfuric acid with ammonia in the reactor vessel to form ammonium phosphate as the phosphate.
19 . The method of claim 14 , wherein introducing the metal oxide particles into the presence of the phosphate includes at least one of:
premixing the metal oxide particles with phosphoric acid prior to reacting the phosphoric acid with the ammonia;
adding the metal oxide particles into at least one of an acid surge tank, an acid control tank upstream of the reactor vessel, a phosphate rock weigher feeder upstream o the reactor vessel, the reactor vessel, the rotary drum granulator, or a rotary dryer;
feeding the metal oxide particles through a pipe cross reactor as the reactor vessel;
premixing the metal oxide particles with at least one of phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, or nitric acid prior to mixing the at least one of phosphoric acid, the sulfuric acid, or the nitric acid with ground phosphate rock.
20 . The method of claim 14 , wherein drying the coherent dispersible granules includes drying the coherent dispersible granules in a rotary dryer.
21 . The method of claim 14 , wherein forming the phosphate includes:
mixing ground phosphate rock and at least one of phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, or nitric acid in a reactor; and
reacting the ground phosphate rock with the at least one of the phosphoric acid, the sulfuric acid, or the nitric acid in the reactor to form at least one of a superphosphate slurry or a nitrophosphate slurry as the phosphate.