Mud logging of natural hydrogen
A method for estimating a quantity of natural hydrogen in a subterranean formation includes degassing drilling fluid obtained from a wellbore to obtain a gas sample including a quantity of hydrogen gas, measuring a concentration of hydrogen in the gas sample, and applying a correction to the measured concentration of hydrogen to estimate the quantity of natural hydrogen in the subterranean formation.
1 . A method for estimating a natural quantity of natural hydrogen in a subterranean formation, the method comprising:
calibrating a mass spectrometer for making hydrogen measurements to obtain a calibrated mass spectrometer including a correlation between a measured hydrogen concentration and an actual hydrogen concentration;
degassing drilling fluid obtained from a wellbore to obtain a gas sample including a sample quantity of hydrogen gas;
measuring a sample concentration of sample hydrogen in the gas sample with the calibrated mass spectrometer; and
applying a correction to the sample concentration of the sample hydrogen to estimate the natural quantity of the natural hydrogen in the subterranean formation.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the degassing comprises:
drilling the wellbore in the subterranean formation;
circulating the drilling fluid in the wellbore during the drilling; and
degassing the drilling fluid during the circulating to obtain the gas sample.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the degassing further comprises:
sampling gas in a wellbore head space or a return conduit head space, the return conduit head space located between the wellbore and a mud pit; or
sampling the drilling fluid from the wellbore prior to exposure of the drilling fluid to air and degassing the sampled drilling fluid to obtain the gas sample.
4 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
generating a drilling log plotting the natural quantity of the natural hydrogen in the subterranean formation with respect to measured depth in the wellbore.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the applying the correction comprises:
measuring a second gas quantity of a second gas in the obtained gas sample;
correlating the second gas quantity of the second gas with a quantity of drill bit metamorphism (DBM) hydrogen in the obtained gas sample; and
subtracting the quantity of DBM hydrogen from the sample concentration of hydrogen to compute the natural quantity of the natural hydrogen in the subterranean formation.
6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the second gas is selected from the group consisting of carbon monoxide, ethylene, and propylene.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the calibrating the mass spectrometer comprises flushing the mass spectrometer with air and making a background hydrogen concentration measurement; and
the method further comprises selecting the mass spectrometer for which the background hydrogen concentration measurement is less than 1000 parts per million.
8 . The method of claim 7 , wherein calibrating the mass spectrometer further comprises:
using the selected mass spectrometer to make hydrogen concentration measurements of corresponding first, second, and third calibration samples, the first, second, and third calibration samples having distinct first, second, and third actual hydrogen concentrations; and
evaluating a fit between the first, second, and third actual hydrogen concentrations and the first, second, and third hydrogen concentration measurements to compute the correlation.
9 . The method of claim 8 , wherein the background hydrogen concentration measurement and the hydrogen concentration measurements of the first, second, and third calibration samples are made via evaluating a mass over charge ratio equal to two.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein calibrating the mass spectrometer includes calibrating the mass spectrometer using multi-point techniques using at least three gas mixtures having three distinct hydrogen gas concentrations.
11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the correlation correlates a hydrogen bias that decreases with increasing hydrogen concentration.
12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the hydrogen bias is associated with a background noise level.
13 . A system for estimating a natural quantity of natural hydrogen in a subterranean formation, the system comprising:
a degasser disposed to degas drilling fluid at a rig site to obtain a gas sample;
a calibrated mass spectrometer configured to measure a sample concentration of hydrogen gas and a sample quantity of a second gas in the gas sample, wherein the calibrated mass spectrometer is calibrated for making calibrated hydrogen measurements based on a correlation between a measured hydrogen concentration and an actual hydrogen concentration; and
a processor configured to evaluate the sample concentration of hydrogen gas and the sample quantity of the second gas and apply a correction to the measured concentration of hydrogen to estimate the natural quantity of the natural hydrogen in the subterranean formation.
14 . The system of claim 13 , wherein the processor is further configured to:
evaluate a measured quantity of the second gas to obtain a quantity of drill bit metamorphism (DBM) hydrogen; and
subtract the quantity of DBM hydrogen from the sample concentration of hydrogen gas to obtain the natural quantity of the natural hydrogen in the subterranean formation.
15 . The system of claim 13 , wherein the processor is further configured to generate a drilling log depicting the natural quantity of the natural hydrogen in the subterranean formation and at least one of the sample concentration of hydrogen gas and the sample quantity of the second gas with respect to a depth of a wellbore penetrating the subterranean formation.
16 . The system of claim 13 , wherein the degasser is disposed to degas the drilling fluid from a wellbore penetrating the subterranean formation prior to exposure of the drilling fluid to air.
17 . A method comprising:
calibrating a mass spectrometer for making hydrogen measurements to obtain a calibrated mass spectrometer including a correlation between a measured hydrogen concentration and an actual hydrogen concentration;
obtaining a drilling fluid gas sample from a subterranean formation, the drilling fluid gas sample including a quantity of hydrogen gas;
evaluating the drilling fluid gas sample to measure, using the calibrated mass spectrometer, a sample concentration of hydrogen gas and to measure a sample quantity of a second gas in the drilling fluid gas sample;
correlating the sample quantity of the second gas with a quantity of drill bit metamorphism (DBM) hydrogen in the drilling fluid gas sample; and
applying a correction to the sample concentration of the hydrogen gas by subtracting the quantity of DBM hydrogen from the sample concentration of hydrogen gas to compute a natural quantity of natural hydrogen in the subterranean formation.
18 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the second gas comprises at least one of carbon monoxide, ethylene, and propylene.
19 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the calibrated mass spectrometer has a background hydrogen concentration measurement that is less than a 1000 parts per million.