Systems and methods for real-time measurement of gas content in drilling fluids
Measuring the amount of individual gases in drilling fluids in real-time may be performed with optical computing devices that are calibrated in real-time or periodically with gas analysis devices to provide more accurate gas content measurements. In some instances, one or more drilling or completion parameters may be altered in response thereto the concentration or change in concentration of individual gases in drilling fluids.
1. A system comprising:
a flow path circulating a drilling fluid into and out of a borehole penetrating a subterranean formation during a drilling operation, the flow path comprising a degasser that includes a drilling fluid inlet, a drilling fluid outlet, and a gas outlet, and
the gas outlet being fluidly coupled to a gas analysis device configured to produce a first output signal, a second output signal, and a third output signal corresponding to a concentration of a first gas, a second gas, and a third gas, respectively;
a first integrated computational element and a second integrated computational element arranged along the flow path prior to the drilling fluid inlet of the degasser and configured to optically interact with the drilling fluid and generate a fourth output signal and a fifth output signal, respectively, corresponding to a concentration of the first gas present in the drilling fluid and a concentration of the second gas present in the drilling fluid, respectively;
a signal processor communicably coupled to the first integrated computational element, the second integrated computational element, and the gas analysis device,
the signal processor being configured to (1) receive the first output signal, the second output signal, the third output signal, the fourth output signal, and the fifth output signal, (2) calculate a calibration factor based on an analysis of the first output signal relative to the fourth output signal and the second output signal relative to the fifth output signal, and (3) apply the calibration factor to the third output signal to produce a calibrated output signal corresponding to a calibrated concentration of the third gas.
2. The system of claim 1 further comprising:
a third integrated computational element and a fourth integrated computational element arranged between the gas outlet of the degasser and the gas analysis device and configured to (1) optically interact with a gas composition extracted from the drilling fluid by the degasser and (2) generate a sixth output signal and a seventh output signal, respectively, corresponding to a concentration of the first gas present in the gas composition and a concentration of the second gas present in the gas composition, respectively; and
wherein the signal processor is configured to (1) receive the sixth output signal and the seventh output signal and (2) further calculate the calibration factor based on an analysis of the first output signal relative to the fourth and sixth output signals and the second output signal relative to the fifth and seventh output signals.
3. The system of claim 1 further comprising:
one or more peripheral devices communicably coupled to the signal processor and configured to receive the calibrated output signal from the signal processor and report the calibrated concentration of the third gas to a well operator.
4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the one or more peripheral devices are further configured to adjust one or more parameters of the drilling operation in response to the calibrated concentration of the third gas.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first gas and the second gas is not from the subterranean formation.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first gas and the second gas are from the subterranean formation.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first gas or the second gas is methane.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first gas or the second gas is carbon dioxide.
9. A method, comprising:
circulating a drilling fluid within a flow path that extends into and out of a borehole penetrating a subterranean formation during drilling operations and includes a degasser having a drilling fluid inlet, a drilling fluid outlet, and a gas outlet;
generating a first output signal, a second output signal, and a third output signal corresponding to a concentration of a first gas, a second gas, and a third gas with a gas analysis device fluidly coupled to the gas outlet of the degasser;
generating a fourth output signal with a first integrated computational element and a fifth output signal with a second integrated computational element arranged along the flow path prior to the drilling fluid inlet of the degasser corresponding to a concentration of the first gas present in the drilling fluid and a concentration of the second gas present in the drilling fluid, respectively;
receiving the first output signal, the second output signal, the third output signal, the fourth output signal, and the fifth output signal with a signal processor communicably coupled to the gas analysis device, the first optical computing device, and the second optical computing device;
calculating a calibration factor based on an analysis of the first output signal relative to the fourth output signal and the second output signal relative to the fifth output signal; and
applying the calibration factor to the third output signal to produce a calibrated output signal corresponding to a calibrated concentration of the third gas.
10. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
conveying the calibrated output signal to one or more peripheral devices; and
adjusting one or more drilling or completion parameters in response to the calibrated concentration of the third gas.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein adjusting the one or more drilling or completion parameters comprises altering the geosteering of a drill bit.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein adjusting the one or more drilling or completion parameters comprises at least one of changing a cementing program, changing a casing program, changing a casing design, optimizing placement of downhole perforations, sliding sleeves, and slotted liners, and optimizing isolation of zones from which production is not required.
13. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
generating a sixth output signal with a third integrated computational element and a seventh output signal with a fourth integrated computational element arranged between the gas outlet of the degasser and the gas analysis device corresponding to a concentration of the first gas present in a gas composition extracted from the drilling fluid by the degasser and a concentration of the second gas present in the gas composition, respectively;
receiving the sixth output signal and the seventh output signal with the signal processor communicably coupled to the third optical computing device and the fourth optical computing device; and
further calculating the calibration factor based on an analysis of the first output signal relative to the fourth and sixth output signals and the second output signal relative to the fifth and seventh output signals.
14. The method of claim 13 further comprising:
conveying the calibrated output signal to one or more peripheral devices; and
adjusting one or more drilling or completion parameters in response to the calibrated concentration of the third gas.
15. The method of claim 9 , wherein at least one of the first gas and the second gas is not from the subterranean formation.
16. The method of claim 9 , wherein the first gas and the second gas are from the subterranean formation.
17. The method of claim 9 , wherein the first gas or the second gas is methane.
18. The method of claim 9 , wherein the first gas or the second gas is carbon dioxide.
19. A method, comprising:
circulating a drilling fluid within a flow path that extends into and out of a borehole penetrating a subterranean formation during drilling operations and includes a degasser having a drilling fluid inlet, a drilling fluid outlet, and a gas outlet;
generating a first output signal, a second output signal, and a third output signal corresponding to a concentration of a first gas, a second gas, and a third gas with a gas analysis device fluidly coupled to the gas outlet of the degasser;
generating a fourth output signal with a first integrated computational element and a fifth output signal with a second integrated computational element arranged along the flow path prior to the drilling fluid inlet of the degasser corresponding to a concentration of the first gas present in the drilling fluid and a concentration of a fourth gas present in the drilling fluid, respectively;
receiving the first output signal, the second output signal, the third output signal, the fourth output signal, and the fifth output signal with a signal processor communicably coupled to the gas analysis device, the first optical computing device, and the second optical computing device;
calculating a calibration factor based on an analysis of the first output signal relative to the fourth output signal and the second output signal relative to the fifth output signal; and
applying the calibration factor to the third output signal to produce a calibrated output signal corresponding to a calibrated concentration of the third gas.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the fourth gas is methane and the second gas is ethane.