Inlets for gas turbine engine fans with distortion tolerance
An aircraft includes a duct system, a gas turbine engine, and an inlet flow regulation system. The duct system includes a main duct, a first inlet duct in fluid communication with the main duct, and a second inlet duct in fluid communication with the main duct. The inlet flow regulation system includes an inlet flow regulator configured to manage different flow characteristics of a flow of air entering the first and second inlet ducts to form a substantially uniform flow distribution through the main duct and into the gas turbine engine and a control unit in communication with the inlet flow regulator and configured to selectively move the inlet flow regulator.
1 . An aircraft comprising:
a duct system configured to receive a flow of air therethrough, the duct system including a main duct, a first inlet duct in fluid communication with the main duct, and a second inlet duct in fluid communication with the main duct, the first inlet duct and the second inlet duct each being arranged fluidly upstream of the main duct so as to conduct the flow of air from the first inlet duct and the second inlet duct into the main duct,
a gas turbine engine in downstream fluid communication with the main duct, the gas turbine engine including a fan configured to push air to provide thrust for the gas turbine engine, a compressor configured to rotate about an axis of the gas turbine engine to compress at least a portion of the air that flows from the fan, a combustor configured to receive the compressed air from the compressor, and a turbine coupled to the compressor and configured to rotate about the axis of the gas turbine engine in response to receiving hot, high-pressure products of the combustor to drive the compressor,
a flow regulation means for mechanically changing a shape of at least one of the first inlet duct and the second inlet duct, individually, so that the first inlet duct and the second inlet duct define different areas thereby changing an amount of the flow of air entering the first inlet duct and/or the second inlet duct in order to form a substantially uniform flow distribution through the main duct and into the fan so that stall in the gas turbine engine is managed, and
a control unit in communication with the flow regulation means, the control unit configured to selectively adjust the flow regulation means based, at least in part, on a received input related to the duct system or the fan of the gas turbine engine,
wherein the flow regulation means comprises an inlet flow regulator including a first portion coupled with a bottom wall of one of the first inlet duct and the second inlet duct and a second portion coupled with an axial forward end of the first portion, the inlet flow regulator being moveable relative to the one of the first inlet duct and the second inlet duct between (i) a normal flow position in which the first portion of the inlet flow regulator is substantially aligned with the bottom wall of the one of the first inlet duct and the second inlet duct and the second portion of the inlet flow regulator extends away from the first portion to form an obtuse angle therebetween and (ii) an increased flow position in which the first portion of the inlet flow regulator moves outwardly away from the bottom wall of the one of the first inlet duct and the second inlet duct so that the first portion and the second portion form a substantially straight line.
2 . The aircraft of claim 1 , wherein the control unit includes a controller and a plurality of sensors arranged to measure pressure, the controller is coupled to the plurality of sensors to receive pressure measurements from the plurality of sensors, and the controller is configured to adjust the flow regulation means based, at least in part, on the received pressure measurements.
3 . The aircraft of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of sensors includes a first total pressure boundary layer rake arranged in the first inlet duct and a second total pressure boundary layer rake arranged in the second inlet duct.
4 . The aircraft of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of sensors includes at least one first static pressure tap arranged in the first inlet duct and at least one second static pressure tap arranged in the second inlet duct.
5 . The aircraft of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of sensors comprises a plurality of pressure transducers arranged in the main duct axially forward of the fan.
6 . The aircraft of claim 1 , wherein the control unit includes a controller and a memory in communication with the controller, the memory including a plurality of preprogrammed aircraft maneuvers that each correspond to a predetermined adjustment of the flow regulation means, and the controller is configured to detect a preprogrammed aircraft maneuver included in the plurality of preprogrammed aircraft maneuvers on the memory and adjust the flow regulation means in response to detecting the preprogrammed aircraft maneuver.
7 . The aircraft of claim 1 , wherein the control unit is configured to receive an environmental input and the control unit is configured to selectively adjust the flow regulation means based, at least in part, on the environmental input, and wherein the environmental input includes information regarding crosswinds.
8 . The aircraft of claim 1 , wherein an axially forwardmost end of the first inlet duct defines a first inlet opening that receives the flow of air therethrough and an axially forwardmost end of the second inlet duct defines a second inlet opening that receives the flow of air therethrough.
9 . An aircraft comprising:
a duct system including a main duct, a first inlet duct in fluid communication with the main duct, and a second inlet duct in fluid communication with the main duct, the first inlet duct and the second inlet duct each being arranged fluidly upstream of the main duct,
a gas turbine engine in downstream fluid communication with the main duct, and
an inlet flow regulation system including an inlet flow regulator configured to mechanically change a shape of the first inlet duct to change an amount of a flow of air entering the first inlet duct in order to form a substantially uniform flow distribution through the main duct and into the gas turbine engine and a control unit in communication with the inlet flow regulator and configured to selectively move the inlet flow regulator based, at least in part, on a received input related to the duct system or the gas turbine engine,
wherein the inlet flow regulator includes a first portion coupled with a bottom wall of the first inlet duct and a second portion coupled with an axial forward end of the first portion, the inlet flow regulator being moveable relative to the first inlet duct between (i) a normal flow position in which the first portion of the inlet flow regulator is substantially aligned with the bottom wall of the first inlet duct and the second portion of the inlet flow regulator extends away from the first portion to form an obtuse angle therebetween and (ii) an increased flow position in which the first portion of the inlet flow regulator moves outwardly away from the bottom wall of the first inlet duct so that the first portion and the second portion form a substantially straight line.
10 . The aircraft of claim 9 , wherein the control unit includes a controller and a plurality of sensors arranged to measure pressure, the controller is coupled to the plurality of sensors to receive pressure measurements from the plurality of sensors, and the controller is configured to move the inlet flow regulator based, at least in part, on the received pressure measurements.
11 . The aircraft of claim 10 , wherein the plurality of sensors includes a first total pressure boundary layer rake arranged in the first inlet duct and a second total pressure boundary layer rake arranged in the second inlet duct.
12 . The aircraft of claim 10 , wherein the plurality of sensors includes at least one first static pressure tap arranged in the first inlet duct and at least one second static pressure tap arranged in the second inlet duct.
13 . The aircraft of claim 10 , wherein the plurality of sensors comprises a plurality of pressure transducers arranged in the main duct axially forward of the gas turbine engine.
14 . The aircraft of claim 9 , wherein the control unit includes a controller and a memory in communication with the controller, the memory including a plurality of preprogrammed aircraft maneuvers that each correspond to a predetermined adjustment of the inlet flow regulator, and the controller is configured to detect a preprogrammed aircraft maneuver included in the plurality of preprogrammed aircraft maneuvers on the memory and adjust the inlet flow regulator in response to detecting the preprogrammed aircraft maneuver.
15 . The aircraft of claim 9 , wherein the control unit is configured to receive an environmental input and the control unit is configured to selectively adjust the inlet flow regulator based, at least in part, on the environmental input, and wherein the environmental input includes information regarding crosswinds.
16 . The aircraft of claim 9 , wherein an axially forwardmost end of the first inlet duct defines a first inlet opening that receives the flow of air therethrough and an axially forwardmost end of the second inlet duct defines a second inlet opening that receives the flow of air therethrough, and
wherein, while the inlet flow regulator is in the normal flow position, the first inlet opening has a first inlet area, and while the inlet flow regulator is in the increased flow position, the first inlet opening has a second inlet area greater than the first inlet area so that the flow of air directed through the first inlet opening is increased while the inlet flow regulator is in the increased flow position.
17 . The aircraft of claim 9 , wherein the first portion of the inlet flow regulator and the second portion of the inlet flow regulator are coupled together at the axial forward end of the first portion via a hinge so that the first portion and the second portion are moveable in relation to one another.
18 . The aircraft of claim 9 , wherein, while the inlet flow regulator is in the increased flow position, the first portion of the inlet flow regulator is not substantially aligned with the bottom wall of the first inlet duct.