Aircraft thermal management system with reduced exhaust re-ingestion
A thermal management system includes a cooling duct system that locates a ram air intake and an exhaust through a first aircraft surface above a second aircraft surface which locates a fan intake. During ground operations, an anti-re-ingestion door is open and a ram air door is closed such that the fan system may draw relatively cooler air from below the aircraft and exhaust the heated air above the aircraft to minimize re-ingestion of the heated exhaust. During flight operations, the anti-re-ingestion door is closed and the ram air door is open such that ram airflow communicates through the fan system prior to communication through the heat exchanger. Both the anti-re-ingestion door and the ram air door may also be operated in flight.
1. An aircraft cooling air duct system comprising:
a plenum;
a ram air intake in communication with said plenum;
a fan intake in communication with said plenum; and
an exhaust in communication with said plenum, said exhaust at least partially above said fan intake and transverse to said ram air intake such that a fan airflow direction from said fan intake through said exhaust is generally transverse to a ram air in direction from said ram air intake.
2. The system as recited in claim 1 , wherein said fan intake is below an aircraft waterline and said exhaust is above said aircraft waterline.
3. The system as recited in claim 1 , wherein said fan intake communicates through a first surface and said exhaust communicates through a second surface different than said first surface.
4. The system as recited in claim 1 , further comprising an anti-re-ingestion door movable between an open position to permit fan airflow through said fan intake to said plenum and a closed position to block said fan airflow from said fan intake to said plenum.
5. The system as recited in claim 4 , wherein said anti-re-ingestion door is faceted.
6. The system as recited in claim 4 , wherein said anti-re-ingestion opens outward relative said fan intake.
7. The system as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a FOD screen within said fan intake.
8. The system as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a blow-in door in communication with said plenum.
9. The system as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a ram air door movable between an open position which permits ram airflow from said ram air intake to said plenum and a closed position which prevents said ram airflow from said ram air intake to said plenum.
10. The system as recited in claim 9 , further comprising an anti-re-ingestion door movable between an open position to permit fan airflow through said fan intake to said plenum and a closed position to block said fan airflow from said fan intake to said plenum.
11. An aircraft thermal management system comprising:
a heat exchanger;
a fan system in communication with said heat exchanger;
a ram air intake in communication with said heat exchanger through said fan system;
a fan intake in communication with said heat exchanger through said fan system; and
an exhaust in communication with said heat exchanger, said exhaust at least partially above said fan intake and transverse to said ram air intake such that a fan airflow direction from said fan intake through said exhaust is generally transverse to a ram air in direction from said ram air intake.
12. The system as recited in claim 11 , wherein said fan intake is below an aircraft waterline and said exhaust is above said aircraft waterline.
13. The system as recited in claim 11 , wherein said fan intake communicates through a first aircraft surface and said exhaust communicates through a second aircraft surface different than said first aircraft surface.
14. The system as recited in claim 11 , wherein said heat exchanger is a liquid-to-air heat exchanger.
15. The system as recited in claim 14 , wherein said liquid-to-air heat exchanger is in fluid communication with a fuel system.
16. The system as recited in claim 11 , further comprising:
a ram air door movable between an open position which permits ram airflow from said ram air intake to said plenum and a closed position to block said ram airflow from said ram air intake to said plenum; and
an anti-re-ingestion door movable between an open position to permit fan airflow through said fan intake to said plenum and a closed position to block said fan airflow from said fan intake to said plenum.
17. The system as recited in claim 16 , further comprising a blow-in door in communication with said plenum.
18. The system as recited in claim 11 , wherein said fan system is directly coupled to said heat exchanger within a common plenum.
19. A method of thermal management comprising the steps of:
(A) communicating airflow through a RAM air intake to plenum;
(B) communicating airflow through a fan intake to the plenum; and
(C) exhausting the airflow through an exhaust located at least partially above the fan intake transverse to the ram air intake such that a fan airflow direction from said fan intake through said exhaust is generally transverse to a ram air in direction from said ram air intake.
20. The method of thermal management as recited in claim 19 , wherein said step (A) comprises the steps of:
(a) opening an anti-re-ingestion door to permit fan airflow through a fan intake.
21. The method of thermal management as recited in claim 19 , wherein said step (A) comprises the steps of:
(a) opening a ram air door to permit ram airflow through the ram air intake.
22. The method of thermal management as recited in claim 19 , wherein said step (A) comprises the steps of:
(a) opening an anti-re-ingestion door to permit fan airflow through a fan intake; and
(b) opening a ram air door to permit ram airflow through the ram air intake.
23. The system as recited in claim 1 , wherein said fan intake communicates through a lower fuselage surface and said exhaust communicates through an upper fuselage surface different than said lower fuselage surface.
24. The system as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a fan system downstream of said ram air intake and said fan intake.
25. The system as recited in claim 24 , further comprising a heat exchanger downstream of said fan system and upstream of said exhaust.
26. The system as recited in claim 25 , further comprising a housing which mounts said heat exchanger and said fan system within said plenum.
27. The system as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a fan system within said plenum to direct said fan airflow direction from said fan intake through said exhaust.
28. The system as recited in claim 1 , wherein said fan intake is in communication with said plenum through a ram air duct generally transverse to said plenum, said ram air duct and said plenum forms a generally T-shape cooling duct system.
29. The system as recited in claim 1 , wherein said fan intake is in communication with said plenum through a ram air duct generally transverse to said plenum, said ram air duct and said plenum forms a generally L-shape cooling duct system.