Materials and methods of producing lithium cobalt oxide materials of a battery cell
Various lithium cobalt oxides materials having a chemical formula of Li x Co y O z , and method and apparatus of producing the various lithium cobalt oxides materials are provided. The method includes adjusting a molar ratio M LiSalt :M CoSalt of a lithium-containing salt, and a cobalt-containing salt within a liquid mixture to be equivalent to a ratio of x:y, drying a mist of the liquid mixture in the presence of a gas to form a gas-solid mixture, separating the gas-solid mixture into one or more solid particles of an oxide material, and annealing the solid particles of the oxide material in the presence of another gas flow to obtain crystalized particles of the lithium cobalt oxide material. The process system has a mist generator, a drying chamber, one or more gas-solid separator, and one or more reactors.
1 . A method of producing a lithium cobalt oxide material (Li x Co y O z ) comprising:
forming a mist of the liquid mixture, where the liquid mixture is obtained from adjusting a molar ratio M LiSalt :M CoSalt of a lithium-containing salt and a cobalt-containing salt to be a ratio of about x:y, and wherein x is 0.9≤x≤1.1, y is 0.9≤y≤1.1, and z is 1.8≤z≤2.2;
mixing the mist of the liquid mixture with a gas flow to form a gas-liquid mixture;
drying the gas-liquid mixture to form a gas-solid mixture at a drying temperature;
forming a gas-solid mixture in the presence of the gas;
separating the gas-solid mixture into one or more solid particles of an oxide material; and
annealing the solid particles of the oxide material at an annealing temperature to obtain crystalized particles of the lithium cobalt oxide material, wherein X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the lithium cobalt oxide material exhibits single phase LiCoO 2 compound and wherein the lithium cobalt oxide material exhibits no second phases in X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, and wherein an initial discharge capacity for cycling performance of a battery cell made from the oxide material is higher than 185 mAh/g at 4.5 Voltage.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the adjusting of the molar ratio M LiSalt :M CoSalt is performed prior to the forming the mist of the liquid mixture.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the adjusting of the molar ratio M LiSalt :M CoSalt is performed simultaneously with the forming the mist of the liquid mixture.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the drying temperature is 200° C. or higher.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the annealing temperature is 400° C. or higher.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein a coulombic efficiency (CE) of the battery cell made from the oxide material is larger than 95.2%.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid mixture is dried in the presence of a first gas that is heated to 200° C. or higher inside a drying chamber and the first gas is delivered into the drying chamber to maintain a drying temperature inside the drying chamber.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid mixture is dried inside a drying chamber and a drying temperature inside the drying chamber is maintained via a heating element coupled to the drying chamber.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid particles of the oxide material is annealed in the presence of a second gas flow that is heated to 550° C. or higher and the second gas flow is delivered into a reaction chamber to maintain the annealing temperature inside the reaction chamber.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid particles of the oxide material is annealed in the presence of a second gas flow inside a reaction chamber and the annealing temperature inside the reaction chamber is maintained via a heating element coupled to the reaction chamber.
11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein a specific capacity of the battery cell made from the lithium cobalt oxide material under different cutoff voltages ranged from 4.45 voltage to 4.6 voltage is higher than 190 mAh/g.
12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the lithium-containing salt is selected from a group consisting of lithium sulfate (Li 2 SO 4 ), lithium nitrate (LiNO 3 ), lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), lithium acetate (LiCH 2 COO), lithium hydroxide (LiOH), lithium formate (LiCHO 2 ), lithium chloride (LiCl), and combinations thereof.
13 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the cobalt-containing salt is selected from a group consisting of cobalt sulfate (CoSO 4 ), cobalt nitrate (Co(NO 3 ) 2 ), cobalt acetate (Co(CH 2 COO) 2 ), cobalt formate (Co(CHO 2 ) 2 ), cobalt chloride (CoCl 2 ), and combinations thereof.
14 . The method of claim 1 , wherein a coulombic efficiency (CE) of the battery cell made from the lithium cobalt oxide material is ranged from 95.2% to 96.5% under different cutoff voltages ranged from 4.45 voltage to 4.6 voltage.
15 . A method of preparing a lithium cobalt oxide material doped with at least one metal dopant (Me), comprising:
forming a mist of a liquid mixture, where the liquid mixture is obtained from adjusting a molar ratio M LiSalt :M CoSalt of a lithium-containing salt and a cobalt-containing salt to be a ratio of about x:y, and wherein x is 0.9≤x≤1.1, y is 0.9≤y≤1.1, and z is 1.8≤z≤2.2;
drying the mist of the liquid mixture in the presence of a gas at a drying temperature of 200° C. or higher;
forming a gas-solid mixture in the presence of the gas;
separating the gas solid mixture into one or more solid particles of an oxide material; and
annealing the solid particles of the oxide material at an annealing temperature of 400° C. or higher in the presence of a gas flow to obtain crystalized particles of the lithium cobalt oxide material, wherein X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the lithium cobalt oxide material exhibits single phase LiCoO 2 compound and wherein the lithium cobalt oxide material exhibits no second phases in X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, and wherein an initial discharge capacity for cycling performance of a battery cell made from the oxide material is higher than 185 mAh/g at 4.5 Voltage.
16 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the molar ratio M LiSalt :M CoSalt is adjusted prior to forming the mist of the liquid mixture.
17 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the molar ratio M LiSalt :M CoSalt is adjusted at the same time of forming the mist of the liquid mixture.
18 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the lithium-containing salt is selected from a group consisting of lithium sulfate (Li 2 SO 4 ), lithium nitrate (LiNO 3 ), lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), lithium acetate (LiCH 2 COO), lithium hydroxide (LiOH), lithium formate (LiCHO 2 ), lithium chloride (LiCl), and combinations thereof, wherein the cobalt-containing salt is selected from a group consisting of cobalt sulfate (CoSO 4 ), cobalt nitrate (Co(NO 3 ) 2 ), cobalt acetate (Co(CH 2 COO) 2 ), cobalt formate (Co(CHO 2 ) 2 ), cobalt chloride (CoCl 2 ), and combinations thereof.
19 . The method of claim 15 , wherein a coulombic efficiency (CE) of the battery cell made from the oxide material is larger than 95.2%.
20 . The method of claim 15 , wherein a specific capacity of the battery cell made from the oxide material under different cutoff voltages ranged from 4.45 voltage to 4.6 voltage is higher than 190 mAh/g.
21 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the lithium-containing salt and the cobalt-containing salt are soluble in a suitable solvent to form the liquid mixture, and the suitable solvent is selected from a group consisting of water, alcohol, methanol, isopropyl alcohol, organic solvents, inorganic solvents, organic acids, sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), citric acid (C 6 H 8 O 7 ), acetic acids (CH 3 COOH), butyric acid (C 4 H 8 O 2 ), lactic acid (C 3 H 6 O 3 ), Nitric acid (HNO 3 ), hydrochloric acid (HCl), ethanol, pyridine, ammonia, acetone, and combinations thereof.