Complexometric precursor formulation methodology for industrial production of fine and ultrafine powders and nanopowders for lithium metal oxides for battery applications
A compound M j X p which is particularly suitable for use in a battery prepared by the complexometric precursor formulation methodology wherein: M j is at least one positive ion selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and transition metals and j is an integer representing the moles of said positive ion per moles of said M j X p ; and X p , a negative anion or polyanion from Groups IIIA, IV A, VA, VIA and VIIA and may be one or more anion or polyanion and p is an integer representing the moles of said negative ion per moles of said M j X p .
1. A compound M j X p prepared by the complexometric precursor formulation methodology wherein:
M j is at least one positive ion selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and transition metals and j represents the moles of said positive ion per mole of said M j X p ; and
X p is an anion or polyanion selected from the group consisting of at least one anion or polyanion of Groups IIIA, IVA, VA, VIA and VIIA; and p represents the moles of said anion or polyanion per mole of said M j X p ;
wherein said compound has a particle size of less than 1 micron and said compound has a surface area of at least 1 m 2 /gm and wherein said compound is a layered nanostructure wherein said M j comprises M 1 and M 2 and wherein M 1 is lithium and M 2 is a transition metal wherein said transition metal is selected from the group consisting of Ni, Mn and Co and wherein said compound has the formula LiMn x Co y Ni z O 2 wherein x+y+z≤1.
2. The compound M j X p prepared by the complexometric precursor formulation methodology of claim 1 wherein said compound is Li 2-x-y-z Ni x Mn y Co z O 2 wherein x+y+z≤1 and at least one of said x, y or z is not zero.
3. The compound M j X p prepared by the complexometric precursor formulation methodology of claim 2 wherein said compound is Li 2-x-y-z Ni x Mn y Co z O 2 wherein x+y+z≤1 and none of said x, y or z are zero.
4. The compound M j X p prepared by the complexometric precursor formulation methodology of claim 1 further comprising a dopant.
5. The compound M j X p prepared by the complexometric precursor formulation methodology of claim 4 wherein said dopant is selected from the group consisting of alkali or alkaline earth metals, Group III A, IV A and transition metals.
6. The compound M j X p prepared by the complexometric precursor formulation methodology of claim 4 comprising up to 10 weight % of said dopant.
7. The compound M j X p prepared by the complexometric precursor formulation methodology of claim 1 wherein said compound has a particle size of 100 to 300 nm.
8. A compound M j X p prepared by the complexometric precursor formulation methodology wherein:
M j is at least one positive ion selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and transition metals and j represents the moles of said positive ion per mole of said M j X p ; and
X p is an anion or polyanion selected from the group consisting of at least one anion or polyanion of Groups IIIA, IVA, VA, VIA and VIIA; and p represents the moles of said anion or polyanion per mole of said M j X p ;
wherein said compound has a particle size of less than 1 micron and said compound has a surface area of at least 1 m 2 /gm and wherein said compound is a layered nanostructure selected from the group consisting of lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, and lithium mixed oxides of cobalt, nickel and manganese.
9. A composition comprising a compound M j X p prepared by the complexometric precursor formulation methodology wherein:
M j is at least one positive ion selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and transition metals and j represents the moles of said positive ion per mole of said M j X p ; and
X p is an anion or polyanion selected from the group consisting of at least one anion or polyanion of Groups IIIA, IVA, VA, VIA and VIIA; and p represents the moles of said anion or polyanion per mole of said M j X p ;
wherein said compound has a particle size of less than 1 micron and said compound has a surface area of at least 1 m 2 /gm and wherein said compound is in a layered nanostructure with a coating on said compound and wherein said compound has the formula LiMn x Co y Ni z O 2 wherein x+y+z≤1.
10. The composition of claim 9 wherein said coating comprises alkali or alkaline earth metals, Group III A and IV A and transition metals.
11. The composition of claim 9 wherein said coating comprises an organic or inorganic compound.
12. The composition of claim 11 wherein said coating is a MjXp compound prepared by complexometric precursor formulation methodology.
13. The composition of claim 11 wherein said coating is a nanolayer.
14. The composition of claim 11 wherein said coating comprises carbon or a carbon-containing compound.
15. A battery comprising a compound M j X p prepared by the complexometric precursor formulation methodology wherein:
M j is at least one positive ion selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and transition metals and j represents the moles of said positive ion per mole of said M j X p ; and
X p is an anion or polyanion selected from the group consisting of at least one anion or polyanion of Groups IIIA, IVA, VA, VIA and VIIA; and p represents the moles of said anion or polyanion per mole of said M j X p ;
wherein said compound has a particle size of less than 1 micron and said compound has a surface area of at least 1 m 2 /gm and wherein said compound is in a layered nanostructure and wherein said compound has the formula LiMn x Co y Ni z O 2 wherein x+y+z≤1.
16. The battery of claim 15 wherein said compound is defined by the formula Li 2-x-y-z Ni x Mn y Co z O 2 wherein x+y+z≤1 and at least one of x, y or z is not zero.
17. The battery of claim 15 wherein said compound is Li 2-x-y-z Ni x Mn y Co z O 2 wherein x+y+z≤1 and none of x, y or z are zero.
18. The battery of claim 15 having a capacity of at least 80 mAh/g after 500 cycles at room temperature at a discharge rate of 1 C when discharged from 4.2 volts to 3 volts.
19. The battery of claim 15 having a capacity of 150 mAh/g after 500 cycles at room temperature at a discharge rate of 1 C when discharged from 4.6 volts to 2.5 volts.
20. A composition comprising a compound M j X p prepared by the complexometric precursor formulation methodology wherein:
M j is at least one positive ion selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and transition metals and j represents the moles of said positive ion per mole of said M j X p ; and
X p is an anion or polyanion selected from the group consisting of at least one anion or polyanion of Groups IIIA, IVA, VA, VIA and VIIA; and p represents the moles of said anion or polyanion per mole of said M j X p ;
wherein said M j comprises M 1 and M 2 and wherein M 1 is lithium and M 2 is a transition metal and
wherein said compound has a particle size of less than 50 microns, said compound has a surface area of at least 1 m 2 /gm, said compound is in a layered nanostructure and wherein said compound has the formula LiMn x Co y Ni z O 2 wherein x+y+z≤1.
21. The composition comprising a compound M i X p prepared by the complexometric precursor formulation methodology of claim 20 wherein said compound has a particle size of 100 to 300 nm.