Refined surface modified carbon black and methods of making same
A non-ASTM low hysteresis carbon black chemically treated, and surface coated with a compound comprising at least one amine group and at least one thiol group, and/or di- and/or polysulfidic linkage is herein disclosed. The surface modified low hysteresis carbon blacks are post treated to remove excess surface modified compound to form refined surface modified low hysteresis carbon blacks.
1. A refined surface modified low hysteresis carbon black (SMLHCB-R) product, comprising:
a low hysteresis carbon black having a surface that has been modified to have a surface modifier attached thereto, wherein the surface modifier comprises at least one amine group and at least one thiol group and/or di- and/or polysulfidic linkage, wherein the carbon black has an aggregate size greater than 0.1 micrometers and less than 1.0 micrometers, wherein the surface modifier comprises an amino acidic compound or its derivative.
2. The SMLHCB-R product of claim 1 , wherein the amino acidic compound is chosen from the group consisting of a naturally occurring amino acid, a modified natural amino acid, a synthetic amino acid, a dimer thereof, a polymer thereof, a salt thereof, a derivative thereof, and combinations thereof.
3. The SMLHCB-R product of claim 1 , wherein the amino acidic compound or its derivative is chosen from the group consisting of cysteine, cystine, homocysteine, homocysteine, methionine, cysteamine, cystamine, cystine dimethyl ester, and combinations thereof.
4. The SMLHCB-R product of claim 1 , wherein the surface modifier comprises an amino acidic compound or its derivative having at least one amine group and at least one thiol group and/or di- and/or polysulfidic linkage.
5. The SMLHCB-R product of claim 1 , wherein the at least one amine group is suitable for linking to the carbon black surface.
6. The SMLHCB or SMLHCB-R product of claim 5 , wherein the at least one amine group is attached with or without a catalyst for linking to the carbon black surface.
7. The SMLHCB-R product of claim 1 , wherein surface modifier is linked to the surface via single or multiple bonds.
8. The SMLHCB-R product of claim 7 , wherein the surface modifier is linked to the carbon black surface by one or more of the group consisting of an amide, a bond formation, chemisorption, and physisorption.
9. The SMLHCB-R product of claim 7 , wherein the surface modifier is linked to the carbon black surface by at least one of the group consisting of van der Waals interactions, ionic interaction, covalent interaction, and non-covalent interactions with active surface moieties of the surface.
10. The SMLHCB-R product of claim 9 , wherein the active surface moieties are chosen from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and combinations thereof on the surface.
11. The SMLHCB-R product of claim 1 , wherein the surface modifier comprises from about 0.1 wt. % to about 50 wt. % of the surface modified carbon black.
12. The SMLHCB-R product of claim 1 , wherein an aggregate size of the low hysteresis carbon black particles have aggregate size greater than 0.1 micrometers and less than 0.8 micrometers.
13. The SMLHCB-R product of claim 1 , wherein the SMLHCB-R has a surface area ranging from about 10 m 2 /g to about 300 m 2 /g, wherein the carbon black particles have an aggregate size greater than 0.1 micrometers and less than 0.8 micrometers.
14. The SMLHCB-R product of claim 1 , wherein the surface was oxidized prior to the surface modification of the low hysteresis carbon black to produce the SMLHCB-R.
15. The SMLHCB-R product of claim 14 , wherein the surface was oxidized by at least one of the group consisting of ozone treatment, heat treatment, plasma treatment, nitrogen oxides treatment, gaseous or aqueous hydrogen peroxide treatment, liquid nitric acid treatment, or combinations thereof.