Coffee bean compositions comprising paraxanthine and methods for their production
Provided herein include caffeinated, partially decaffeinated, and decaffeinated paraxanthine beverages, coffees and paraxanthine coffee beverages. Also provided are methods for the production of caffeinated, partially decaffeinated, and decaffeinated paraxanthine beverages, coffees and paraxanthine coffee beverages. In some embodiments, disclosed compositions may provide consumers with increased alertness and wakefulness, while preventing side effects commonly associated with caffeinated drinks.
1. A coffee bean product comprising:
a whole decaffeinated coffee bean that comprises a caffeine content of less than 0.25% w/w caffeine and an absorbed paraxanthine content of between 0.5% w/w to 4.0% w/w.
2. A coffee bean product according to claim 1 , wherein the whole coffee bean is a dried green whole coffee bean.
3. A coffee bean product according to claim 1 , wherein the whole coffee bean is a roasted whole coffee bean.
4. A coffee bean product according to claim 1 , wherein the whole coffee bean has a moisture content less than 12.5% w/w.
5. A green coffee bean product comprising:
a whole decaffeinated green coffee bean that comprises a caffeine content of less than 0.25% w/w caffeine, an absorbed paraxanthine content of between 0.5% w/w to 4.0% w/w, and a moisture content less than 12.5% w/w.
6. A roasted coffee bean product comprising:
a whole decaffeinated roasted coffee bean that comprises a caffeine content of less than 0.25% w/w caffeine, an absorbed paraxanthine content of between 0.5% w/w to 4.0% w/w, a moisture content less than 12.5% w/w, and an Agtron scale score between 20 and 90.
7. A method of producing a coffee bean product comprising:
contacting whole coffee beans having a caffeine content of greater than 0.3% w/w with a solvent comprising (i) one or more fluids selected from the group consisting of water, ethyl acetate, methylene chloride, supercritical carbon dioxide, acetone, benzyl alcohol, 1,3-butylene glycol, castor oil, citric acid esters, ethanol, glycerin, hexane, isopropanol, methanol, 2-butanone, and 1,2-propanediol, and (ii) between 1 g/L and 100 g/L paraxanthine, thereby producing solvated whole coffee beans having a caffeine content less than 0.3% w/w and a paraxanthine content of between 0.5% w/w to 4.0% w/w;
separating the solvated whole coffee beans from the solvent; and
drying the solvated whole coffee beans thereby producing dried whole coffee beans having a moisture content less than 12.5% w/w.
8. A method according to claim 7 , further comprising roasting the dried whole coffee beans to provide roasted whole coffee beans having Agtron scale score between 20 and 90.
9. A method according to claim 8 , further comprising grinding the dried whole coffee beans to a particle size of less than 1.5 mm.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the solvent comprises one or more fluids selected from the group consisting of water, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methylene chloride, supercritical carbon dioxide, and isopropanol.
11. The method of claim 7 , wherein the solvent comprises one or more fluids selected from the group consisting of water, ethyl acetate, and ethanol.
12. The method of claim 7 , wherein the solvent consists of ethyl acetate, a mixture of ethyl acetate and ethanol, a mixture of water, ethyl acetate, and ethanol, or a mixture of ethyl acetate and water.
13. The method of claim 7 , wherein the solvent further comprises green coffee extract comprising caffeine at a concentration less than 100 mM.
14. The method of claim 7 , wherein the solvent consists of water.