Gamma probe with hand-piece control of detection parameters
Apparatus, techniques and systems are described for facilitating identification of a target area during a probe-guided radio-localization surgical procedure. The described apparatus, techniques and systems can be used to implement a nuclear-uptake mode controller integrated into a probe to allow a user to instantly switch between multiple nuclear-uptake modes directly from the probe hand-piece. For example, a nuclear-uptake mode controller integrated into the probe can be used to instantly switch between a high-sensitivity nuclear uptake mode and a high-resolution nuclear-uptake mode to effectively identify the target area in the presence of interfering nuclear signals by better matching the probe's nuclear detection parameters to a search task for that target area.
1 . A method operating a handheld nuclear-uptake surgical probe, the method comprising:
detecting, via a gamma photon sensor unit of the handheld nuclear-uptake surgical probe, gamma photons;
processing the detected gamma photons into a voltage pulse, wherein the voltage pulse has a magnitude that represents an energy level of the detected gamma photons; and
analyzing the voltage pulse based on a preselected photon energy acceptance window of a plurality of photon energy acceptance windows of the handheld nuclear-uptake surgical probe, wherein the plurality of photon energy acceptance windows includes a highest-sensitivity window, a higher-sensitivity window, and a high-resolution window.
2 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising processing accepted voltage pulses for count-rate analysis.
3 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising changing a selection of the plurality of photon energy acceptance windows via an actuator on the handheld nuclear-uptake surgical probe.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the highest-sensitivity window produces a high count-rate and includes off-angle photons that enter a collimator of the gamma photon sensor unit, the higher-sensitivity window provides a lower count-rate and includes a higher scatter rejection of off-angle photons, and the high-resolution window provides a lowest count-rate and includes a highest scatter rejection of off-angle photons.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the highest-sensitivity window is configured for use of the handheld nuclear-uptake surgical probe to roughly locate concentrations of isotope emissions, the higher-sensitively window is configured for use of the handheld nuclear-uptake surgical probe to more accurately locate a source of emissions and to differentiate isolated emissions from background emissions, and the high-resolution window is configured for use of the handheld nuclear-uptake surgical probe to guide surgical access to the source of emissions.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the highest-sensitivity window is based on an X-ray fluorescence peak energy level, the higher-sensitivity window is based on a Cesium Iodide escape peak energy level, and the high-resolution window is based on a full-energy gamma ray peak energy level.
7 . The method of claim 6 , wherein detected events with an energy level below the x-ray fluorescence peak energy level are removed by a hardware-based discriminator of the handheld nuclear-uptake surgical probe.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of photon energy acceptance windows is configured to define resolution and count-rate of the handheld nuclear-uptake surgical probe.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein detecting gamma photons includes converting gamma photon energy into an analog electrical signal with a magnitude proportioned to the energy level of the detected gamma photons.
10 . The method of claim 9 , wherein processing the detected gamma photons into the voltage pulse includes converting the analog electrical signal into the voltage pulse.
11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein analyzing the voltage pulse is performed by front-end electronics of the handheld nuclear-uptake surgical probe disposed on a distal end of a cannula.
12 . A handheld nuclear-uptake surgical probe comprising:
a handle;
a cannula having a gamma photon sensor unit configured to detect gamma photons, the gamma photon sensor unit having a controller configured to process detected gamma photons into a voltage pulse and analyze the voltage pulse based on a preselected photon energy acceptance window of a plurality of photon energy acceptance windows, wherein the voltage pulse has a magnitude that represents an energy level of the detected gamma photons; and
an actuator coupled in communication with the controller to select between the plurality of photon energy acceptance windows.
13 . The handheld nuclear-uptake surgical probe of claim 12 , wherein the plurality of photon energy acceptance windows includes a highest-sensitivity window, a higher-sensitivity window, and a high-resolution window.
14 . The handheld nuclear-uptake surgical probe of claim 13 , wherein the gamma photon sensor unit includes a collimator, and wherein the highest-sensitivity window is configured to produce a high count-rate and include off-angle photons that enter the collimator, the higher-sensitivity window is configured to provide a lower count-rate and include a higher scatter rejection of off-angle photons, and the high-resolution window is configured to provide a lowest count-rate and include a highest scatter rejection of off-angle photons.
15 . The handheld nuclear-uptake surgical probe of claim 13 , wherein the highest-sensitivity window is based on an X-ray fluorescence peak energy level, the higher-sensitivity window is based on a Cesium Iodide escape peak energy level, and the high-resolution window is based on a full-energy gamma ray peak energy level.
16 . The handheld nuclear-uptake surgical probe of claim 15 , wherein the controller further comprises a discriminator configured to remove detected events with an energy level below the x-ray fluorescence peak energy level.
17 . The handheld nuclear-uptake surgical probe of claim 13 , wherein the controller is further configured to convert the gamma photon energy into an analog electrical signal with a magnitude proportioned to the energy level of the detected gamma photons.
18 . The handheld nuclear-uptake surgical probe of claim 13 , wherein the controller is included within front-end electronics of the handheld nuclear-uptake surgical probe disposed on a distal end of the cannula.
19 . The handheld nuclear-uptake surgical probe of claim 18 , wherein the actuator is located on the handle.
20 . A method operating a handheld nuclear-uptake surgical probe, the method comprising:
detecting, via a gamma photon sensor unit of the handheld nuclear-uptake surgical probe, gamma photons;
processing the detected gamma photons into a voltage pulse, wherein the voltage pulse has a magnitude that represents an energy level of the detected gamma photons, wherein the step of detecting gamma photons includes converting gamma photon energy into an analog electrical signal with a magnitude proportioned to the energy level of the detected gamma photons; and
analyzing the voltage pulse based on a preselected photon energy acceptance window of a plurality of photon energy acceptance windows of the handheld nuclear-uptake surgical probe.