Process for the production of tocotrienols
This invention relates to processes for the production of tocotrienol compounds from biological sources such as palm oil, cereals, grains, and grain oils. The tocotrienol products are recovered in high yields. These tocotrienols are useful as pharmaceuticals, in foodstuffs and as dietary supplements. These compositions are hypocholesterolemic, antioxidizing, antithrombotic, antiatherogenic, antiinflammatory and immunoregulatory in nature. Tocotrienols are known to lower the levels of low density lipoproteins in the bloodstream.
1. A process for the production of tocotrienols comprising:
a) providing a fatty acid distillate (FAD) containing tocotrienols;
b) stripping fatty acids from said FAD at a temperature of about 170° C. to about 255° C. and a pressure of about 0.1 to about 2.0 Torr;
c) distilling the stripped FAD at a temperature of about 150° to about 250° C. and a pressure of about 0.005 to about 0.100 Torr; and
d) recovering the tocotrienols, wherein said tocotrienol product comprises α-, β-, γ, and δ-tocotrienols in an amount ranging from about 295 mg/g to about 410 mg/g.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said FAD is selected from the group consisting of palm, rice bran, barley, soybean, sunflower, canola, rapeseed, cottonseed, safflower, corn, and palm kernel fatty acid distillates.
3. The process of claim 2 , wherein said FAD is palm fatty acid distillate.
4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein (b) is performed at a temperature of about 180° to about 240° C. and a pressure of about 0.5 to about 1.5 Torr and (c) is performed at a temperature of about 180° C. to about 210° C. and a pressure of about 0.010 to about 0.050 Torr.
5. The process according to claim 1 further comprising the following steps subsequent to step c) and prior to step d) of claim 1 :
a) subjecting a first short path distillate to a second fatty acid stripping at a temperature of between about 120° C. and about 180° C. and an absolute pressure of about 0.01 Torr and about 0.5 Torr;
b) saponifying the stripped product at a temperature of about 100° C. to about 120° C. and an absolute pressure of about 15 to about 20 PSIG;
c) distilling the saponified product at a temperature of about 150° to about 250° C. and a pressure of about 0.005 to about 0.100 Torr;
d) solvent wintering the distillate of (iii) at a temperature of between about 0° C. and about −15° C.;
e) distilling the product of (iv) at a temperature of about 150° to about 250° C. and a pressure of about 0.005 to about 0.100 Torr.
6. The process according to claim 5 , wherein said FAD is selected from the group consisting of palm, rice bran, barley, soybean, sunflower, canola, rapeseed, cottonseed, safflower, corn, and palm kernel fatty acid distillates.
7. The process according to claim 6 , wherein the FAD is palm fatty acid distillate.
8. The process according to claim 5 , wherein b) is performed at a temperature of about 180° to about 240° C. and a pressure of about 0.5 to about 1.5 Torr; c) is performed at a temperature of about 180° C. to about 210° C. and a pressure of about 0.010 to about 0.050 Torr; i) is performed at a temperature of between about 140° C. to about 160° C. and pressure of about 0.03 Torr to about 0.08 Torr; ii) is performed at a temperature of about 110° C. and a pressure of about 15 to about 20 PSIG; iii) is performed at a temperature of about 180° C. to about 210° C. and a pressure of about 0.010 to about 0.050 Torr; iv) is performed at a temperature of about −5° C. to about −10° C.; and v) is performed at a temperature of about 180° C. to about 210° C. and a pressure of about 0.010 to about 0.050 Torr.
9. The process according to claim 8 , wherein glycerine and excess water are decanted from the saponified product, which is then subject to degassing.
10. The process according to claim 8 , wherein triglycerides are added to the saponified product prior to step iii) at a final concentration of about 10% to about 20%.
11. The process according to claim 8 , further comprising the step of chromatographing the distillate from step iii).
12. A tocotrienol product produced by a process, comprising.
a) providing a fatty acid distillate (FAD) containing tocotrienols;
b) stripping fatty acids from said FAD at a temperature of about 170° C. to about 255° C. and a pressure of about 0.1 to about 2.0 Torr;
c) distilling the stripped FAD at a temperature of about 150° to about 250° C. and a pressure of about 0.005 to about 0.100 Torr; and
d) recovering the tocotrienols;
wherein said tocotrienol product comprises α-, β-, γ, and δ-tocotrienols in an amount ranging from about 295 mg/g to about 410 mg/g.
13. The tocotrienol product of claim 12 , wherein said amount is about 331 mg/g to about 383 mg/g.
14. The tocotrienol product of claim 12 , wherein said tocotrienol product comprises α-tocotrienol in an amount ranging from about 140 mg/g to about 165 mg/gm.
15. The tocotrienol product of claim 14 , wherein said amount is about 150 mg/g to about 160 mg/g.
16. The tocotrienol product of claim 12 , wherein said tocotrienol product comprises β-tocotrienol in an amount ranging from about 5 mg/g to about 15 mg/g.
17. The tocotrienol product of claim 16 , wherein said amount is about 10 mg/g to about 14 mg/g.
18. The tocotrienol product of claim 12 , wherein said tocotrienol product comprises γ-tocotrienol in an amount ranging from about 120 mg/g to about 170 mg/g.
19. The tocotrienol product of claim 18 , wherein said amount is about 130 mg/g to about 160 mg/g.
20. The tocotrienol product of claim 12 , wherein said tocotrienol product comprises δ-tocotrienol in an amount ranging from about 30 mg/g to about 60 mg/g.
21. The tocotrienol product of claim 20 , wherein said amount is about 41 mg/g to about 48 mg/g.
22. The tocotrienol product of claim 12 , further comprising sterols in an amount ranging from about 3% to about 5%.
23. The tocotrienol product of claim 22 , wherein said amount is about 4% to about 9%.
24. A pharmaceutical product comprising the tocotrienol product of claim 12 .
25. A foodstuff comprising the tocotrienol product of claim 12 .
26. A dietary supplement comprising the tocotrienol product of claim 12 .