Methods and devices for performing impedance spectroscopy
A highly time resolved impedance spectroscopy that enhances the measurement of the dynamics of non-stationary systems with enhanced time resolution. The highly time resolved impedance spectroscopy includes an optimized, frequency rich a.c., or transient, voltage signal is used as the perturbation signal, non-stationary time to frequency transformation algorithms are used when processing the measured time signals of the voltage and current to determine impedance spectra which are localized in time; and the system-characterizing quantities are determined from the impedance spectra using equivalent circuit fitting in a time-resolution-optimized form. Methods and apparatus for processing impedance spectra data are also provided.
1. A method of data processing, comprising:
receiving impedance spectra data from a plurality of measurement electrodes within a test matrix; and
displaying the impedance spectra data in a two-dimensional array of a display, wherein an element of the two-dimensional array relates to a relative position of a corresponding measurement electrode within the test matrix, and wherein the impedance spectra data is displayed using a color that indicates a value of the impedance spectra data of the corresponding measurement electrode within the test matrix.
2. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein the impedance spectra data is a conductance.
3. A method as defined in claim 1 , wherein the impedance spectra data is a capacitance.
4. A method as defined in claim 1 , wherein different colors are used to indicate a data type.
5. A method as defined in claim 4 , wherein the data type is a conductance.
6. A method as defined in claim 4 , wherein the data type is a capacitance.
7. A method as defined in claim 1 , wherein the elements of the two-dimensional array comprise sub-elements.
8. A method as defined in claim 7 , wherein each sub-element indicates a different data type at a corresponding measurement electrode within the test matrix.
9. A method as defined in claim 8 , wherein the data type is a conductance.
10. A method as defined in claim 8 , wherein the data type is a capacitance.
11. A method as defined in claim 7 , wherein there are two sub-elements in an element of the two-dimensional array.
12. An apparatus that measures highly time resolved impedance spectra, comprising:
a processor that receives impedance spectra data from a plurality of measurement electrodes within a test matrix and produces output data for display; and
a display that shows the output data as a two-dimensional array representing a measured impedance spectra from the measuring electrodes in the test matrix, wherein an element of the two-dimensional array relates to a relative position of a corresponding measurement electrode within the test matrix, and wherein the impedance spectra data is displayed using a color that indicates a value of the impedance spectra data of the corresponding measurement electrode within the test matrix.
13. An apparatus as defined in claim 12 , wherein the impedance spectra data is a conductance.
14. An apparatus as defined in claim 12 , wherein the impedance spectra data is a capacitance.
15. An apparatus as defined in claim 12 , wherein different colors are used to indicate a data type.
16. An apparatus as defined in claim 15 , wherein the data type is a conductance.
17. An apparatus as defined in claim 16 , wherein the data type is a capacitance.
18. An apparatus as defined in claim 12 , wherein the elements of the two-dimensional array comprises sub-elements.
19. An apparatus as defined in claim 18 , wherein each sub-element indicates a data type at a corresponding measurement electrode within the test matrix.
20. An apparatus as defined in claim 19 , wherein the data type is a conductance.
21. An apparatus as defined in claim 19 , wherein the data type is a capacitance.
22. An apparatus as defined in claim 18 , wherein the display element includes two sub-elements.
23. A method of data processing, comprising:
receiving impedance spectra data from a plurality of measurement electrodes within a test matrix, wherein the test matrix comprises six channels with six measurement electrodes within each channel; and
displaying the impedance spectra data in a two-dimensional array of a display, wherein an element of the two-dimensional array relates to a relative position of a corresponding measurement electrode within the test matrix, and wherein the impedance spectra data is displayed using a color that indicates a value of the impedance spectra data of the corresponding measurement electrode within the test matrix.
24. The method as defined in claim 23 , wherein displaying the impedance spectra data in a two dimensional array comprises displaying the impedance data in a six by six array.
25. The method as defined in claim 23 , wherein the impedance spectra data is obtained from measurements on ion channels in supported lipid membranes.
26. A method of data processing, comprising:
receiving impedance spectra data from a plurality of measurement electrodes within a test matrix, wherein the impedance spectra data is obtained from measurements on ion channels in supported lipid membranes; and
displaying the impedance spectra data in a two-dimensional array of a display, wherein an element of the two-dimensional array relates to a relative position of a corresponding measurement electrode within the test matrix, and wherein the impedance spectra data is displayed using a color that indicates a value of the impedance spectra data of the corresponding measurement electrode within the test matrix.
27. A method of data processing, comprising:
receiving impedance spectra data from a plurality of measurement electrodes within a test matrix; and
displaying the impedance spectra data in a two-dimensional array of a display, wherein an element of the two-dimensional array relates to a relative position of a corresponding measurement electrode within the test matrix, wherein the elements of the two-dimensional array each comprise two sub-elements that are triangles that together form a square, and wherein the impedance spectra data is displayed using a color that indicates a value of the impedance spectra data of the corresponding measurement electrode within the test matrix.
28. The method as defined in claim 27 , wherein each sub-element indicates a different data type at a corresponding measurement electrode within the test matrix.
29. An apparatus that measures highly time resolved impedance spectra, comprising:
a processor that receives impedance spectra data from a plurality of measurement electrodes within a test matrix and produces output data for display, wherein the test matrix comprises six channels with six measurement electrodes within each channel; and
a display that shows the output data as a two-dimensional array representing a measured impedance spectra from the measuring electrodes in the test matrix, wherein an element of the two-dimensional array relates to a relative position of a corresponding measurement electrode within the test matrix, and wherein the impedance spectra data is displayed using a color that indicates a value of the impedance spectra data of the corresponding measurement electrode within the test matrix.
30. An apparatus as defined in claim 29 , wherein displaying the impedance spectra data in a two dimensional array comprises displaying the impedance data in a six by six array.
31. An apparatus that measures highly time resolved impedance spectra, comprising:
a processor that receives impedance spectra data from a plurality of measurement electrodes within a test matrix and produces output data for display, wherein the impedance spectra data is obtained from measurements on ion channels in supported lipid membranes; and
a display that shows the output data as a two-dimensional array representing a measured impedance spectra from the measuring electrodes in the test matrix, wherein an element of the two-dimensional array relates to a relative position of a corresponding measurement electrode within the test matrix, and wherein the impedance spectra data is displayed using a color that indicates a value of the impedance spectra data of the corresponding measurement electrode within the test matrix.
32. An apparatus that measures highly time resolved impedance spectra, comprising:
a processor that receives impedance spectra data from a plurality of measurement electrodes within a test matrix and produces output data for display; and
a display that shows the output data as a two-dimensional array representing a measured impedance spectra from the measuring electrodes in the test matrix, wherein an element of the two-dimensional array relates to a relative position of a corresponding measurement electrode within the test matrix, wherein the elements of the two-dimensional array each comprise two sub-elements that are triangles that together form a square, and wherein the impedance spectra data is displayed using a color that indicates a value of the impedance spectra data of the corresponding measurement electrode within the test matrix.
33. The apparatus as defined in claim 32 , wherein each sub-element indicates a data type at a corresponding measurement electrode within the test matrix.
34. The apparatus as defined in claim 32 , wherein the impedance spectra data is obtained from measurements on ion channels in supported lipid membranes.