Electrostatic fluid accelerator
An electrostatic fluid accelerator having a multiplicity of closely spaced corona electrodes. The close spacing of such corona electrodes is obtainable because such corona electrodes are isolated from one another with exciting electrodes. Either the exciting electrode must be placed asymmetrically between adjacent corona electrodes or an accelerating electrode must be employed. The accelerating electrode can be either an attracting or a repelling electrode. Preferably, the voltage between the corona electrodes and the exciting electrodes is maintained between the corona onset voltage and the breakdown voltage with a flexible top high-voltage power supply. Optionally, however, the voltage between the corona electrodes and the exciting electrodes can be varied, even outside the range between the corona onset voltage and the breakdown voltage, in to vary the flow of fluid. And, to achieve the greatest flow of fluid, multiple stages of the individual Electrostatic Fluid Accelerator are utilized with a collecting electrode between successive stages in order to preclude substantially all ions and other electrically charged particles from passing to the next stage, where they would tend to be repelled and thereby impair the movement of the fluid. Finally, constructing the exciting electrode in the form of a plate that extends downstream with respect to the desired direction of fluid flow also assures that more ions and, consequently, more fluid particles flow downstream.
1. A flexible top high voltage power supply comprising:
a base unit that produces a voltage which is only slightly sensitive to the output current of the power supply;
a second unit that produces an output voltage which decreases with increasing output current from the power supply; and
a circuit far combining the voltages from said base unit and said second unit,
wherein said base unit includes a first portion of a voltage multiplier circuit and said second unit includes a final portion of said voltage multiplier circuit, said voltage multiplier circuit connected to a secondary winding of a high voltage transformer for receiving an alternating current signal, said voltage multiplier circuit comprising a network of series-connected capacitors connected in opposing leads of said secondary winding and shunting diodes connected between opposing pairs of said capacitors.
2. The flexible top high voltage power supply according to claim 1 configured to supply a high voltage output in a range of 10,000 to 15,000 volts.
3. The flexible top high voltage power supply according to claim 1 further comprising:
a pulse-width modulator connected to provide a switched current having a frequency exceeding an audible frequency.
4. A flexible top high voltage power supply comprising:
a base unit that produces a voltage which is only slightly sensitive to the output current of the power supply;
a second unit that produces an output voltage which decreases with increasing output current from the power supply;
a circuit for combining the voltages from said base unit and said second unit; and
a voltage multiplier circuit having series connected capacitors, said base unit including a first portion of said voltage multiplier circuit and said second unit including a final portion of said voltage multiplier circuit, a value of ones of said capacitors of said first portion being greater than a value of ones of said capacitors of said final portion.
5. The flexible top high voltage power supply according to claim 4 , said flexible top high voltage power supply configured to supply a high voltage output in a range of 10,000 to 15,000 volts.
6. The flexible top high voltage power supply according to claim 4 , further comprising a pulse-width modulator connected to provide a switched current having a frequency exceeding an audible frequency.
7. A flexible top high voltage power supply comprising:
a base that produces an output voltage which decreases with increasing output current from the power supply;
a circuit for combining the voltage from said base unit and said second unit; and
a power transformer including a primary winding and a pair of secondary windings, one of said secondary windings having a greater leakage inductance with respect to said primary winding than a leakage inductance of the other secondary winding with respect to said primary winding.
8. The flexible top voltage power supply according to claim 7 wherein each of said secondary windings is connected to a respective rectifier and DC outputs from said rectifiers are connected in series.
9. The flexible top voltage power supply according to claim 7 configured such that an increase in a current output results in a voltage drop across voltage power supply is configured such that an increase in a current output results in a voltage drop across said secondary winding having said greater leakage inductance to cause an output voltage to decrease to a safe level.
10. The flexible top high voltage power supply according to claim 7 , said flexible top high voltage power supply configured to supply a high voltage output in a range of 10,000 to 15,000 volts.
11. The flexible top high voltage power supply according to claim 7 , further comprising a pulse-width modulator connected to provide a switched current having a frequency exceeding an audible frequency.
12. A device employing electrodes comprising:
a set of electrodes capable of producing a corona discharge; and
a flexible top high-voltage power supply electrically connected to said set of electrodes, said high-voltage power supply including
(i) a base unit that produces a voltage which is only slightly sensitive to the output current of the power supply,
(ii) a second unit that produces an output voltage which decreases with increasing output current from the power supply, and
(iii) a circuit for combining the voltages from said base unit and said second unit,
wherein said base unit includes a first portion of a voltage multiplier circuit and said second unit includes a final portion of said voltage multiplier circuit, said voltage multiplier circuit connected to a secondary winding of a high voltage transformer for receiving an alternating current signal, said voltage multiplier circuit comprising a network of series-connected capacitors connected in opposing leads of said secondary winding and shunting diodes connected between opposing pairs of said capacitors.
13. The flexible top voltage power supply according to claim 12 wherein said high-voltage power supply is configured such that an increase in a current output results in a voltage drop across said secondary winding having said greater leakage inductance to cause an output voltage to decrease to a safe level.
14. The device according to claim 12 , wherein said high-voltage power supply is configured to supply a high voltage output in a range of 10,000 to 15,000 volts to said set of electrodes.
15. A device employing electrodes, comprising;
a set of electrodes capable of producing a corona discharging; and
a flexible top high-voltage power supply electrically connected to said set of electrodes, said high-voltage power supply including
(i) a base unit that produces a voltage which is only slightly sensitive to the output current of the power supply,
(ii) a second unit that produces an output voltage which decreases with increasing output current from the power supply, and
(iii) a circuit for combining the voltages from said base unit and said second unit,
said flexible ton high-voltage power supply further comprising a voltage multiplier circuit having series connected capacitors, said base unit including a first portion of said voltage multiplier circuit and said second unit including a final portion of said voltage multiplier circuit, a value of ones of said capacitors of said first portion being greater than a value of ones of said capacitors of said final portion.
16. A device employing electrodes, comprising:
a set of electrodes capable of producing a corona discharge; and
a flexible top high-voltage power supply electrically connected to said set of electrodes, said high-voltage power supply including
(i) a base unit that produces a voltage which is only slightly sensitive to the output current of the power supply,
(ii) a second unit that produces an output voltage which decreases with increasing output current from the power supply, and
(iii) a circuit for combining the voltages from said base unit and said second unit,
said high-voltage power supply further comprising a power transformer including a primary winding and a pair of secondary winding, one of said secondary windings having a greater leakage inductance with respect to said primary winding than a leakage inductance of the other secondary winding with respect to said primary winding.
17. The device according to claim 16 wherein each of said secondary winding is connected to a respective rectifier and DC outputs from said rectifiers are connected in series.