Method of preparing a poorly crystalline calcium phosphate and methods of its use
The present invention provides a novel process for producing a calcium phosphate cement or filler which hardens in a temperature dependent fashion in association with an endothermic reaction. In the reaction a limited amount of water is mixed with dry calcium phosphate precursors to produce a hydrated precursor paste. Hardening of the paste occurs rapidly at body temperature and is accompanied by the conversion of one or more of the reactants to poorly crystalline apatitic calcium phosphate. The hardened cements, fillers, growth matrices, orthopedic and delivery devices of the invention are rapidly resorbable and stimulate hard tissue growth and healing. A composite material is provided including a strongly bioresorbable, poorly crystalline apatitic calcium phosphate composite and a supplementary material. The supplementary material is in intimate contact with the hydroxyapatite material in an amount effective to impart a selected characteristic to the composite. The supplemental material may be biocompatible, bioresorbable or non-resorbable. A method for treating a bone defect also is provided by identifying a bone site suitable for receiving an implant, and introducing a strongly resorbable, poorly crystalline apatitic calcium phosphate at the implant site, whereby bone is formed at the implant site. The implant site may be a variety of sites, such as a tooth socket, non-union bone, bone prosthesis, an osteoporotic bone, an intervertebral space, an alveolar ridge or a bone fracture.
1. A self-hardening calcium phosphate composite, comprising:
an amorphous calcium phosphate;
a second calcium phosphate having a calcium to phosphorous atomic ratio (Ca:P) of less than or equal to 1.67, wherein the amorphous calcium phosphate and the second calcium phosphate in combination have a calcium to phosphorous atomic ratio in the range of 1.1 to 1.9;
a supplemental material, said supplemental material comprising demineralized bone matrix; and
a carrier fluid in an amount sufficient to form a paste or putty.
2. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the amorphous calcium phosphate and the second calcium phosphate in combination have a calcium to phosphorous atomic ratio (Ca:P) of less than 1.5.
3. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the amorphous calcium phosphate has a calcium to phosphorous atomic ratio (Ca:P) of about 1.55 to 1.65.
4. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the second calcium phosphate is selected from the group consisting of calcium metaphosphate, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, heptacalcium decaphosphate, tricalcium phosphate, monetite, calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate, hydroxyapatite, calcium deficient hydroxyapatite, octacalcium phosphate, and calcium pyrophosphate.
5. The composite of claim 4 , wherein the second calcium phosphate comprises dicalcium phosphate dihydrate.
6. The composite of claim 5 , wherein the dicalcium phosphate dihydrate has an average grain size of less than 95 microns.
7. The composite of claim 6 , wherein the dicalcium phosphate dihydrate has an average grain size of about 35-45 microns.
8. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the amorphous calcium phosphate and the second calcium phosphate are present in proportions ranging from 5:1 to 1:5 wt/wt, respectively.
9. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the carrier fluid is selected from the group consisting of pH buffered solution, saline solution, tissue culture medium and serum.
10. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the carrier liquid is present in an amount in the range of about 0.5 mL to about 2.0 mL liquid per gram calcium phosphate.
11. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the supplemental material comprises 1-50 vol % of the composite.
12. The composite of claim 11 , wherein the supplemental material comprises 1-20 vol % of the composite.
13. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the supplemental material is in particulate form.
14. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the supplemental material is in fiber form.