Glucagon antagonists/inverse agonists
A novel class of compounds, which act to antagonize the action of the glucagon hormone on the glucagon receptor. Owing to their antagonizing effect of the glucagon receptor the compounds may be suitable for the treatment and/or prevention of any diseases and disorders, wherein a glucagon antagonistic action is beneficial, such as hyperglycemia, Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, disorders of the lipid metabolism, such as dyslipidemia, and obesity.
1. A method for treating a subject having Type 2 diabetes, said method comprising administering to said subject an effective amount of a compound of formula
wherein
R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 independently are hydrogen or C 1-6 -alkyl,
A is —C(O)—, —CH(OR 6 )— or —CHF—,
wherein R 6 is hydrogen or C 1-6 -alkyl,
Z is arylene or a divalent radical derived form a 5 or 6 membered heteroaromatic ring containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur,
which may optionally be substituted with one or two groups R 7 and R 8 selected from halogen, —CN, —CF 3 , —OCF 3 , —NO 2 , —OR 9 , —NR 9 R 10 and C 1-6 -alkyl,
wherein R 9 and R 10 independently are hydrogen or C 1-6 -alkyl,
X is
wherein
r is 0 or 1,
q and s independently are 0, 1, 2 or 3,
R 11 , R 12 , R 13 and R 14 independently are hydrogen, C 1-6 -alkyl or C 3-8 -cycloalkyl,
D is
wherein
R 15 , R 16 , R 17 and R 18 independently are
hydrogen, halogen, —CN, —CHF 2 , —CF 3 , —OCF 3 , —OCHF 2 , —OCH 2 CF 3 , —OCF 2 CHF 2 , —S(O) 2 CF 3 , —SCF 3 , —NO 2 , —OR 21 , —NR 21 R 22 , —SR 21 , —NR 21 S(O) 2 R 22 , —S(O) 2 NR 21 R 22 , —S(O)NR 21 R 22 , —S(O)R 21 , —S)O) 2 R 21 , —C(O)NR 21 R 22 , —OC(O)NR 21 R 22 , —NR 21 C(O)R 22 , —CH 2 C(O)NR 21 R 22 , —OCH 2 C(O)NR 21 R 22 , —OC(O)R 21 , —C(O)R 21 or —C(O)OR 21 ,
C 1-6 -alkyl, C 2-6 -alkenyl or C 2-6 -alkynyl, which may optionally be substituted with one or more substituents selected from halogen, —CN, —CF 3 , —OCF 3 , —NO 2 , —OR 21 , —NR 21 R 22 and C 1-6 -alkyl,
C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, C 4-8 -cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, C 3-8 -cycloalkyl-C 1-6 -alkyl, C 3-8 -cycloalkyl-C 1-6 -alkoxy, C 3-8 -cycloalkyloxy, C 3-8 -cycloalkyl-C 1-6 -alkylthio, C 3-8 -cycloalkylthio, C 3-8 -cycloalkyl-C 2-6 -alkenyl, C 3-8 -cycloalkyl-C 2-6 -alkynyl, C 4-8 -cycloalkenyl-C 1-6 -alkyl, C 4-8 -cycloalkenyl-C 2-6 -alkenyl, C 4-8 -cycloalkenyl-C 2-6 -alkynyl, heterocyclyl-C 1-6 -alkyl, heterocyclyl-C 2-6 -alkenyl, heterocyclyl-C 2-6 -alkynyl, aryl, aryloxy, aryloxycarbonyl, aroyl, aryl-C 1-6 -alkoxy, aryl-C 1-6 -alkyl, aryl-C 2-6 -alkenyl, aryl-C 2-6 -alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl-C 1-6 -alkyl, heteroaryl-C 2-6 -alkenyl or heteroaryl-C 2-6 -alkynyl,
of which the cyclic moieties optionally may be substituted with one or more substituents selected from halogen, —C(O)OR 21 , —CN, —CF 3 , —OCF 3 , —NO 2 , —OR 21 , —NR 21 R 22 and C 1-6 -alkyl,
wherein R 21 and R 22 independently are hydrogen, C 1-6 -alkyl, aryl-C 1-6 -alkyl or aryl,
or R 21 and R 22 when attached to the same nitrogen atom together with the said nitrogen atom may form a 3 to 8 membered heterocyclic ring optionally containing one or two further heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and optionally containing one or two double bonds,
or two of the groups R 15 to R 18 when placed in adjacent positions together may form a bridge —(CR 23 R 24 ) a —O—(CR 25 R 26 ) c —O—,
wherein
a is 0, 1 or 2,
c is 1 or 2,
R 23 , R 24 , R 25 and R 26 independently are hydrogen, C 1-6 -alkyl or fluorine,
R 19 and R 23 independently are hydrogen, C 1-6 -alkyl, C 3-8 -cycloalkyl or C 3-8 -cycloalkyl-C 1-6 -alkyl,
wherein
R 27 and R 28 independently are
hydrogen, halogen, —CN, —CF 3 , —OR 32 , —NR 32 R 33 , C 1-6 -alkyl, C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, C 4-8 -cycloalkenyl or aryl,
wherein the aryl group optionally may be substituted with one or more substituents selected from halogen, —CN, —CF 3 , —NO 2 , —NO 2 , —OR 32 , —NR 32 R 33 and C 1-6 -alkyl,
wherein R 32 and R 33 independently are hydrogen or C 1-6 -alkyl, or
R 32 and R 33 when attached to the same nitrogen atom together with the said nitrogen atom may form a 3 to 8 membered heterocyclic ring optionally containing one or two further heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and optionally containing one or two double bonds,
R 29 , R 30 and R 31 independently are
hydrogen, halogen, —CHF 2 , —CF 3 , —OCF 3 , —OCHF 2 , —OCH 2 CF 3 , —OCF 2 CHF 2 , —SCF 3 , —OR 34 , —NR 34 R 35 , —SR 34 , —S(O)R 34 , —S(O) 2 R 34 , —C(O)NR 34 R 35 , —OC(O)NR 34 R 35 , —NR 34 C(O)R 35 , —OCH 2 C(O)NR 34 R 35 , —C(O)R 34 or —C(O)OR 34 ,
C 1-6 -alkyl, C 2-6 -alkenyl or C 2-6 -alkynyl, which may optionally be substituted with one or more substituents selected from halogen, —CN, —CF 3 , —OCF 3 , —NO 2 , —OR 34 , —NR 34 R 35 and C 1-6 -alkyl,
C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, C 4-8 -cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, C 3-8 -cycloalkyl-C 1-6 -alkyl, C 3-8 -cycloalkyl-C 2-6 -alkenyl, C 3-8 -cycloalkyl-C 2-6 -alkynyl, C 4-8 -cycloalkenyl-C 1-6 -alkyl, C 4-8 -cycloalkenyl-C 2-6 -alkenyl, C 4-8 -cycloalkenyl-C 2-6 -alkynyl, heterocyclyl-C 1-6 -alkyl, heterocyclyl-C 2-6 -alkenyl, heterocyclyl-C 2-6 -alkynyl, aryl, aryloxy, aroyl, aryl-C 1-6 -alkoxy, aryl-C 1-6 -alkyl, aryl-C 2-6 -alkenyl, aryl-C 2-6 -alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl-C 1-6 -alkyl, heteroaryl-C 2-6 -alkenyl or heteroaryl-C 2-6 -alkynyl,
of which the cyclic moieties optionally may be substituted with one or more substituents selected from halogen, —CN, —CF 3 , —OCF 3 , —NO 2 , —OR 34 , —NR 34 R 35 and C 1-6 -alkyl,
wherein R 34 and R 35 independently are hydrogen, C 1-6 -alkyl or aryl,
or R 34 and R 35 when attached to the same nitrogen atom together with the said nitrogen atom may form a 3 to 8 membered heterocyclic ring optionally containing one or two further heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and optionally containing one or two double bonds,
or two of the groups R 29 , R 30 and R 31 when attached to the same ring carbon atom or different ring carbon atoms together may form a radical —O—(CH 2 ) t —CR 36 R 37 —(CH 2 ) t —O—, —(CH 2 ) t —CR 36 R 37 —(CH 2 ) t — or —S—(CH 2 ) t —CR 36 R 37 —(CH 2 ) t —S—,
wherein
t and l independently are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5,
R 36 and R 37 independently are hydrogen or C 1-6 -alkyl,
as well as any optical or geometric isomer or tautomeric form thereof including mixtures of these or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
2. The method according to claim 1 , said method further comprising administering to said subject an effective amount of an antidiabetic agent.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the antidiabetic agent is insulin.
4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the antidiabetic agent is an insulin analogue or insulin derivative.
5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein said insulin analogue or insulin derivative is selected from the group consisting of N εB29 -tetradecanoyl des (B30) human insulin, Asp B28 human insulin, Lys B28 Pro B29 human insulin and human insulin glargine.
6. The method according to claim 2 , wherein said antidiabetic agent is a GLP-1 derivative.
7. The method according to claim 2 , wherein said antidiabetic agent is an orally active hypoglycaemic agent.
8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the orally active hypoglycaemic agent is a sulfonylurea.
9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the sulfonylurea is selected from the group consisting of tolbutamide, chlorpropamide, tolazamide, glibenclamide, glyburide, glipizide and glicazide.
10. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the orally active hypoglycaemic agent is a biguanide.
11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the biguanide is metformin.
12. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the orally active hypoglycaemic agent is a meglitinide.
13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the meglitinide is repaglinide or nateglinide.
14. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the orally active hypoglycaemic agent is an insulin sensitizer.
15. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the insulin sensitizer is selected from the group consisting Gl 262570, YM-440, MCC-555, JTT-501, AR-H039242, KRP-297, GW-409544, CRE-16336, LY510929 and GW-501516.
16. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the orally active hypoglycaemic agent is a thiazolidinedione insulin sensitizer.
17. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the thiazolidinedione insulin sensitizer is selected from the group consisting of troglitazone, ciglitazone, pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, isaglitazone, darglitazone, englitazone, CS-011/CI-1037 and T174.
18. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the orally active hypoglycaemic agent is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor.
19. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of voglibose, emiglitate, miglitol and acarbose.
20. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the orally active hypoglycaemic agent is an agent that acts on the ATP-dependent potassium channel of beta cells.
21. The method according to claim 20 , wherein the agent that acts on the ATP-dependent potassium channel of beta cells is selected from the group consisting of tolbutamide, chlorpropamide, tolazamide, glibenclamide, glyburide, glipizide, glicazide, BTS-67582, repaglinide and nateglinide.
22. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the orally active hypolgycaemic agent is an antihyperlipidemic agent or antilipidemic agent.
23. The method according to claim 22 , wherein the antihyperlipidemic agent or antilipidemic agent is selected from the group consisting of cholestyramine, colestipol, clofibrate, gemfibrozil, lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, probucol and dextrothyroxine.
24. A method for treating a subject having Type 1 diabetes, said method comprising administering to said subject an effective amount of a compound of formula
wherein
R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 independently are hydrogen or C 1-6 -alkyl,
A is —C(O)—, —CH(OR 6 )— or —CHF,
wherein R 6 is hydrogen or C 1-6 -alkyl,
Z is arylene or a divalent radical derived from a 5 or 6 membered heteroaromatic ring containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur,
which may optionally be substituted with one or two groups R 7 and R 8 selected from halogen, —CN, —CF 3 , —OCF 3 , —NO 2 , —OR 9 , —NR 9 R 10 and C 1-6 -alkyl,
wherein R 9 and R 10 independently are hydrogen or C 1-6 -alkyl,
X is
wherein
r is 0 or 1,
q and s independently are 0, 1, 2 or 3,
R 11 , R 12 , R 13 and R 14 independently are hydrogen, C 1-6 -alkyl or C 3-8 -cycloalkyl,
D is
wherein R 15 , R 16 , R 17 and R 18 independently are
hydrogen, halogen, —CN, —CHF 2 , —CF 3 , —OCF 3 , —OCHF 2 , —OCH 2 CF 3 , —OCF 2 CHF 2 , —S(O) 2 CF 3 , —SCF 3 , —NO 2 , —OR 21 , —NR 21 R 22 , —SR 21 , —NR 21 S(O) 2 R 22 , —S(O) 2 NR 21 R 22 , —S(O)NR 21 R 22 , —S(O)R 21 , —S(O) 2 R 21 , —C(O)NR 21 R 22 , —OC(O)NR 21 R 22 , —NR 21 C(O)R 22 , —CH 2 (O)NR 21 R 22 , —OCH 2 C(O)NR 21 R 22 , —OC(O)R 21 , —C(O)R 21 or —C(O)OR 21 ,
C 1-6 -alkyl, C 2-6 -alkenyl or C 2-6 -alkynyl, which may optionally be substituted with one or more substituents selected from halogen, —CN, —CF 3 , —OCF 3 , —NO 2 , —OR 21 , —NR 21 R 22 and C 1-6 -alkyl,
C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, C 4-8 -cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, C 3-8 -cycloalkyl-C 1-6 -alkyl, C 3-8 -cycloalkyl-C 1-6 -alkoxy, C 3-8 -cycloalkyloxy, C 3-8 -cycloalkyl-C 1-6 -alkylthio, C 3-8 -cycloalkylthio, C 3-8 -cycloalkyl-C 2-6 -alkenyl, C 3-8 -cycloalkyl-C 2-6 -alkynyl, C 4-8 -cycloalkenyl-C 1-6 -alkyl, C 4-8 -cycloalkenyl-C 2-6 -alkenyl, C 4-8 -cycloalkenyl-C 2-6 -alkynyl, heterocyclyl-C 1-6 -alkyl, heterocyclyl-C 2-6 -alkenyl, heterocyclyl-C 2-6 -alkynyl, aryl, aryloxy, aryloxycarbonyl, aroyl, aryl-C 1-6 -alkoxy, aryl-C 1-6 -alkyl, aryl-C 2-6 -alkenyl, aryl-C 2-6 -alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl-C 1-6 -alkyl, heteroaryl-C 2-6 -alkenyl or heteroaryl-C 2-6 -alkynyl,
of which the cyclic moieties optionally may be substituted with one or more substituents selected from halogen, —C(O)OR 21 , —CN, —CF 3 , —OCF 3 , —NO 2 , —OR 21 , —NR 21 R 22 and C 1-6 -alkyl,
wherein R 21 and R 22 independently are hydrogen, C 1-6 -alkyl, aryl-C 1-6 -alkyl or aryl,
or R 21 and R 22 when attached to the same nitrogen atom together with the said nitrogen atom may form a 3 to 8 membered heterocyclic ring optionally containing one or two further heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and optionally containing one or two double bonds,
or two of the groups R 15 to R 18 when placed in adjacent positions together may form a bridge —(CR 23 R 24 ) a —O—(CR 25 R 26 ) c —O—,
wherein
a is 0,1 or 2,
c is 1 or 2,
R 23 , R 24 , R 25 and R 26 independently are hydrogen, C 1-6 -alkyl or fluorine,
R 19 and R 20 independently are hydrogen, C 1-6 -alkyl, C 3-8 -cycloalkyl or C 3-8 -cycloalkyl-C 1-6 -alkyl,
E is
wherein
R 27 and R 28 independently are
hydrogen, halogen, —CN, —CF 3 , —OR 32 , —NR 32 R 33 , C 1-6 -alkyl, C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, C 4-8 -cycloalkenyl or aryl,
wherein the aryl group optionally may be substituted with one or more substituents selected from halogen, —CN, —CF 3 , —NO 2 , —OR 32 , —NR 32 R 33 and C 1-6 -alkyl,
wherein R 32 and R 33 independently are hydrogen or C 1-6 -alkyl, or
R 32 and R 33 when attached to the same nitrogen atom together with the said nitrogen atom may form a 3 to 8 membered heterocyclic ring optionally containing one or two further heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and optionally containing one or two double bonds,
R 29 , R 30 and R 31 independently are
hydrogen, halogen, —CHF 2 , —CF 3 , —OCF 3 , —OCHF 2 , —OCH 2 F 3 , —OCF 2 CHF 2 , —SCF 3 , —OR 34 , —NR 34 R 35 , —SR 34 , —S(O)R 34 , —S(O) 2 R 34 , —C(O)NR 34 R 35 , —OC(O)NR 34 R 35 , —NR 34 C(O)R 35 , —OCH 2 C(O)NR 34 R 35 , —C(O)R 34 or —C(O)OR 34 ,
C 1-6 -alkyl, C 2-6 -alkenyl or C 2-6 -alkynyl,
which may optionally be substituted with one or more substituents selected from halogen, —CN, —CF 3 , —OCF 3 , —NO 2 , —OR 34 , —NR 34 R 35 and C 1-6 -alkyl,
C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, C 4-8 -cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, C 3-8 -cycloalkyl-C- 1-6 -alkyl, C 3-8 -cycloalkyl-C 2-6 -alkenyl, C 3-8 -cycloalkyl-C 2-6 -alkynyl, C 4-8 -cycloalkenyl-C 1-6 -alkyl, C 4-8 -cycloalkenyl-C 2-6 -alkenyl, C 4-8 -cycloalkenyl-C 2-6 -alkynyl, heterocyclyl-C 1-6 -alkyl, heterocyclyl-C 2-6 -alkenyl, heterocyclyl-C 2-6 -alkynyl, aryl, aryloxy, aroyl, aryl-C 1-6 -alkoxy, aryl-C 1-6 -alkyl, aryl-C 2-6 -alkenyl, aryl-C 2-6 -alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl-C 1-6 -alkyl, heteroaryl-C 2-6 -alkenyl or heteroaryl-C 2-6 -alkynyl,
of which the cyclic moieties optionally may be substituted with one or more substituents selected from halogen, —CN, —CF 3 , —OCF 3 , —NO 2 , —OR 34 , —NR 34 R 35 and C 1-6 -alkyl,
wherein R 34 and R 35 independently are hydrogen, C 1-6 -alkyl or aryl,
or R 34 and R 35 when attached to the same nitrogen atom together with the said nitrogen atom may form a 3 to 8 membered heterocyclic ring optionally containing one or two further heteratoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and optionally containing one or two double bonds,
or two of the groups R 29 , R 30 and R 31 when attached to the same ring carbon atom or different ring carbon atoms together may form a radical —O—(CH 2 ) t —CR 36 R 37 —(CH 2 ) t —O—, —(CH 2 ) t —CR 36 R 37 —(CH 2 ) t — or —S—(CH 2 ) t —CR 36 R 37 —(CH 2 ) t —S—,
wherein
t and 1 independently are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5,
R 36 and R 37 independently are hydrogen or C 1-6 -alkyl,
as well as any optical or geometric isomer or tautomeric form thereof including mixtures of these or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
25. The method according to claim 24 , said method further comprising administering to said subject an effective amount of insulin.
26. The method according to claim 24 , said method further comprising administering to said subject an effective amount of an insulin analogue or insulin derivative.
27. The method according to claim 26 , wherein said insulin analogue or insulin derivative is selected from the group consisting of N εB29 -tetradecanoyl des (B30) human insulin, Asp B28 human insulin, Lys B28 Pro B29 human insulin and human insulin glargine.
28. A method for treating a subject having Type 2 diabetes, said method comprising administering to said subject an effective amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-3-(3-methoxy-5-trifluoromethylphenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[3-(3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1-(4-cyclohexylpehnyl)ureidomethyl]-benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[3-(3-Bromophenyl)-1-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-3-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-3-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-3-(3-fluoro-5-trifluoromethylphenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[3-(3-Cyano-5-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1-(4-cyclohex-1-enylphenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[3-(3-Cyano-5-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)ureidomethyl]-benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[3-(3-Bromo-5-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1-(4-cyclohex-1-enylphenyl)-ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohex-1-enylphenyl)-3-(3-methoxy-5-trifluoromethylphenyl)-ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[3-(3-Bromophenyl)-1-(4-cyclohex-1-enylphenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[3-(3-Bromo-5-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)ureidomethyl]-benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (S)-Trans-3-{4-[3-(3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1-(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl)-ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-Trans-3-{4-[3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1-(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, Trans-(R)-3-{4-[3-(3-methyl-5-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1-(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl)-ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (RS)-3-{4-[1-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)-3-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (RS)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohex-1-enylphenyl)-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (S)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohex-1-enylphenyl)-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohex-1-enylphenyl)-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[3-(3-Chlorophenyl)-1-(4-cyclohex-1-enylphenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohex-1-enylphenyl)-3-phenylureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[3-Benzyl-1-(4-cyclohex-1-enylphenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (RS)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohex-1-enylphenyl)3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-fluoropropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-3-(4-trifluoromethylsulfanylphenyl)ureidomethyl]-benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohexen-1-ylphenyl)-3-(3-methanesulfonyl-4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, Trans-(R)-3-{4-[3-(3,5-bis(methyl)phenyl)-1-(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-(3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohex-1-enylphenyl)-3-(3-fluoro-5-trifluoromethylphenyl)ureido-methyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-3-(3-methylsulfanylphenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohex-1-enylphenyl)-3-(2,2,4,4-tetrafluoro-4H-benzo[1,3]dioxin-6-yl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, 3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohex-1-enylphenyl)-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-1(R)-methoxypropionic acid, 3-(4-{3-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-1-[4-(2-methylcyclohex-1-enyl)phenyl]ureidomethyl}-benzoylamino)-2-(R)-hydroxypropionic acid and (R,S)-3-(4-{3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1-[4-(6-methylcyclohex-1-enyl)phenyl]ureidomethyl}benzoylamino)-2-(R)-hydroxypropionic acid, 3-{4-[1-[4-(4-tert-Butylcyclohex-1-enyl)phenyl]-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)ureidomethyl]-benzoylamino}-2-(R)-hydroxypropionic acid, (R,S)-3-(4-(3-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-1-(4-(5-methylcyclohex-1-enyl)phenyl)-ureidomethyl)benzoylamino)-2-hydroxypropionic acid and (R,S)-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1-(4-(3-methylcyclohex-1-enyl)phenyl)ureidomethyl)benzoylamino)-2-hydroxypropionic acid, 3--{4-[3-[1-(S)-(4-Chlorophenyl)ethyl]-1-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2(R)-hydroxypropionic acid, 3-{4-[3-Biphenyl-2-ylmethyl-1-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2(R)-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[3-(4-Cyano-3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)ureidomethyl]-benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[3-(3-tert-Butylphenyl)-1-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-3-(3-hydroxymethyl-4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-tert-Butylcyclohexyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ureidomethyl]-benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-3-(2,2,4,4-tetrafluoro-4H-benzo[1,3]dioxin-6-yl)-ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)-3-(2,2,4,4-tetrafluoro-4H-benzo[1,3]dioxin-6-yl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-tert-Butylcyclohexyl)-3-(2,2,4,4-tetrafluoro-4H-benzo[1,3]dioxin-6-yl)-ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)-3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Ckyclohex-1-enylphenyl)-3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[3-(4-Chloro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)ureidomethyl]-benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-3-(4-fluoro-3-nitrophenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-3-(4-isopropylphenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohex-1-enylphenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[3-(4-Acetylphenyl)-1-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, 3-{4-[3-[1(RS)-(4-Bromophenyl)ethyl]-1-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoyl-amino}-2(R)-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-3-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-[4-({(4-tert-Butylcyclohexyl)-[2-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)acetyl]amino}methyl)-benzoylamino]-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-[4-({(4-tert-Butylcyclohexyl)-[2-(3-fluoro-5-trifluoromethylphenyl)acetyl]amino}-methyl)benzoylamino]-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-[4-({(2,2-Diphenylethyl)-[2-(3-fluoro-5-trifluoromethylphenyl)acetyl]amino}-methyl)benzoylamino]-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-(4-{[(5-Chlorobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carbonyl)-(2,2-diphenylethyl)amino]methyl}-benzoylamino)-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-[4-({(2,2-Diphenylethyl)-[2-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)acetyl]amino}methyl)-benzoylamino]-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-(4-{[(4-tert-Butylcyclohexyl)-(5-chlorobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carbonyl)amino]methyl}benzoylamino)-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-(4-{[(2,2-Diphenylethyl)-(5-trifluoromethoxy-1H-indole-2-carbonyl)amino]methyl}benzoylamino)-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-[4-({(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-[(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)acetyl]amino}methyl)-benzoylamino]-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-[4-({(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-[(3-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)acetyl]amino}methyl)-benzoylamino]-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-[4-({(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-[(3-fluoro-5-trifluoromethylphenyl)acetyl]amino}methyl)benzoylamino]-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-(4-{([(3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetyl]-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)amino)methyl}-benzoylamino)-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-[4-({(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-[(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)acetyl]amino}methyl)-benzoylamino]-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-[4-({(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)acetyl]amino}methyl)benzoylamino]-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-(4-{[[(3-Bromophenyl)acetyl]-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)amino]methyl}benzoylamino)-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-(4-{[(Biphenyl-4-ylacetyl)-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)amino]methyl}benzoylamino)-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-(4-{[(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-(2-naphthylacetyl)amino]methyl}benzoylamino)-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-(4-{[(3-(3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propionyl)-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)amino]methyl}benzoylamino)-2-hydroxypropionic acid, and (R)-3-[4-({(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-[3-(3-nitrophenyl)propionyl]amino}methyl)benzoylamino]-2-hydroxypropionic acid.
29. The method according to claim 28 , said method further comprising administering to said subject an effective amount of an antidiabetic agent.
30. The method according to claim 29 , wherein the antidiabetic agent is insulin.
31. The method according to claim 29 , wherein the antidiabetic agent is an insulin analogue or insulin derivative.
32. The method according to claim 31 , wherein said insulin analogue or insulin derivative is selected from the group consisting of N εB29 -tetradecanoly des (B30) human insulin, Asp B28 human insulin, Lys B28 human insulin and human insulin glargine.
33. The method according to claim 29 , wherein said antidiabetic agent is a GLP-1 derivative.
34. The method according to claim 29 , wherein said antidiabetic agent is an orally active hypoglycaemic agent.
35. The method according to claim 34 , wherein the orally active hypoglycaemic agent is a sulfonylurea.
36. The method according to claim 35 , wherein the sulfonylurea is selected from the group consisting of tolbutamide, chlorpropamide, tolazamide, glibenclamide, glyburide, glipizide and glicazide.
37. The method according to claim 36 , wherein the orally active hypoglycaemic agent is a biguanide.
38. The method according to claim 37 , wherein the biguanide is metformin.
39. The method according to claim 34 , wherein the orally active hypoglycaemic agent is a meglitinide.
40. The method according to claim 39 , wherein the meglitinide is repaglinide or nateglinide.
41. The method according to claim 34 , wherein the orally active hypoglycaemic agent is an insulin sensitizer.
42. The method according to claim 41 , wherein the insulin sensitizer is selected from the group consisting of Gl 262570, YM-440, MCC-555, JTT-501, AR-H039242, KRP-297, GW-409544, CRE-16336, LY510929 and GW-501516.
43. The method according to claim 34 , wherein the orally active hypoglycaemic agent is a thiazolidinedione insulin sensitizer.
44. The method according to claim 43 , wherein the thiazolidinedione insulin sensitizer is selected from the group consisting of troglitazone, ciglitazone, pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, isaglitazone, darglitazone, englitazone, CS-011/CI-1037 and T174.
45. The method according to claim 34 , wherein the orally active hypoglycaemic agent is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor.
46. The method according to claim 45 wherein the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of voglibose, emiglitate, miglitol and acarbose.
47. The method according to claim 34 , wherein the orally active hypoglycaemic agent is an agent that acts on the ATP-dependent potassium channel of beta cells.
48. The method according to claim 47 , wherein the agent that acts on the ATP-dependent potassium channel of beta cells is selected from the group consisting of tolbutamide, chloropropamide, tolazamide, glibenclamide, glyburide, glipizide, glicazide, BTS-67582, repaglinide and nateglinide.
49. The method according to claim 34 , wherein the orally active hypoglycaemic agent is an antihyperlipidermic agent or antilipidermic agent.
50. The method according to claim 49 , wherein the antihyperlipidermic agent or antilipidermic agent is selected from the group consisting of cholestyramine, colestipol, clofibrate, gemfibrozil, lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, probucol and dextrothyroxine.
51. A method for treating a subject having Type 1 diabetes, said method comprising administering to said subject an effective amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-3-(3-methoxy-5-trifluoromethylphenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[3-(3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)ureidomethyl]-benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[3-(3-Bromophenyl)-1-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-3-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-3-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-3-(3-fluoro-5-trifluoroemthylphenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[3-(3-Cyano-5-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1-(4-cyclohex-1-enylphenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[3-(3-Cyano-5-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)ureidomethyl]-benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[3-(3-Bromo-5-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1-(4-cyclohex-1-enylphenyl)-ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohex-1-enylphenyl)-3-(3-methoxy-5-trifluoromethylphenyl)-ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[3-(3-Bromophenyl)-1-(4-cyclohex-1-enylphenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[3-(3-Bromo-5-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)ureidomethyl]-benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (S)-Trans-3-{4-[3-(3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1-(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl)-ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-Trans-3-{4-[3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1-(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, Trans-(R)-3-{4-[3-(3-methyl-5-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1-(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl)-ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (RS)-3-{4-[1-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)-3-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (RS)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohex-1-enylphenyl)-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (S)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohex-1-enylphenyl)-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohex-1-enylphenyl)-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[3-(3-Chlorophenyl)-1-(4-cyclohex-1-enylphenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohex-1-enylphenyl)-3-phenylureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[3-Benzyl-1-(4-cyclohex-1-enylphenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (RS)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohex-1-enylphenyl)3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-fluoropropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-3-(4-trifluoromethylsulfanylphenyl)ureidomethyl]-benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohexen-1-ylphenyl)-3-(3-methanesulfonyl-4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, Trans-(R)-3-{4-[-3-(3,5-bis(methyl)phenyl)-1-(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydorxypropionic acid, (R)-(3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohex-1-enylphenyl)-3-(3-fluoro-5-trifluoromethylphenyl)ureido-methyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-3-(3-methylsulfanylphenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohex-1-enylphenyl)-3-(2,2,4,4-tetrafluoro-4H-benzo[1,3]dioxin-6-yl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, 3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohex-1-enylphenyl)-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2(R)-methoxypropionic acid, 3-(4-{3-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-1-[4-(2-methylcyclohex-1-enyl)phenyl]ureidomethyl}-benzoylamino)-2-(R)-hydroxypropionic acid and (R,S)-3-(4-{3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1-[4-(6-methylcyclohex-1-enyl)phenyl]ureidomethyl}benzoylamino)-2-(R)-hydroxypropionic acid, 3-{4-[1-[4-(4-tert-Butylcyclohex-1-enyl)phenyl]-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)ureidomethyl]-benzoylamino}-2-(R)-hydroxypropionic acid, (R,S)-3-(4-(3-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-1-(4-(5-methylcyclohex-1-enyl)phenyl)-ureidomethyl)benzoylamino)-2-hydroxypropionic acid and (R,S)-3-(4-(3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1-(4-(3-methylcyclohex-1-enyl)phenyl)ureidomethyl)benzoylamino)-2-hydroxypropionic acid, 3-{4-[3-[1-(S)-(4-Chlorophenyl)ethyl]-1-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2(R)-hydroxypropionic acid, 3-{4-[3-Biphenyl-2-ylmethyl-1-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2(R)-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[3-(4-Cyano-3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)ureidomethyl]-benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[3-(3-tert-Butylphenyl)-1-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-3-(3-hydroxymethyl-4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-tert-Butylcyclohexyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ureidomethyl]-benxoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-3-(2,2,4,4-tetrafluoro-4H-benzo[1,3]dioxin-6-yl)-ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)-3-(2,2,4,4-tetrafluoro-4H-benzo[1,3]dioxin-6-yl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-tert-Butylcyclohexyl)-3-(2,2,4,4-tetrafluoro-4H-benzo[1,3]dioxin-6-yl)-ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)-3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohex-1-enylphenyl)-3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[3-(4-Chloro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)ureidomethyl]-benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-3-(4-fluoro-3-nitrophenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-3-(4-isopropylphenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohex-1-enylphenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[3-(4-Acetylphenyl)-1-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, 3-{4-[3-[1(RS)-(4-Bromophenyl)ethyl]-1-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoyl-amino}-2(R)-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-{4-[1-(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-3-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ureidomethyl]benzoylamino}-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-[4-({(4-tert-Butylcyclohexyl)-[2-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)acetyl]amino}methyl)-benzoylamino]-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-[4-({(4-tert-Butylcyclohexyl)-[2-(3-fluoro-5-trifluoromethylphenyl)acetyl]amino}-methyl)benzoylamino]-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-[4-({(2,2-Diphenylethyl)-[2-(3-fluoro-5-trifluoromethylphenyl)acetyl]amino}-methyl)benzoylamino]-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-(4-{[(5-Chlorobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carbonyl)-(2,2-diphenylethyl)amino]methyl}-benzoylamino)-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-[4-({(2,2-Diphenylethyl)-[2-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)acetyl]amino}methyl)-benzoylamino]-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-(4-{[(4-tert-Butylcyclohexyl)-(5-chlorobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carbonyl)amino]methyl}benzoylamino)-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-(4-{[(2,2-Diphenylethyl)-(5-trifluoromethoxy-1H-indole-2-carbonyl)amino]methyl}benzoylamino)-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-[4-({(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-[(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)acetyl]amino}methyl)-benzoylamino]-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-[4-({(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-[(3-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)acetyl]amino}methyl)-benzoylamino]-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-[4-({(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-[(3-fluoro-5-trifluoromethylphenyl)acetyl]amino}methyl)benzoylamino]-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-(4-{([(3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetyl]-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)amino)methyl}-benzoylamino)-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-[4-({(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-[(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)acetyl]amino}methyl)-benzoylamino]-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-[4-({(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)acetyl]amino}methyl)benzoylamino]-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-(4-{[[(3-Bromophenyl)acetyl]-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)amino]methyl}benzoylamino)-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-(4-{[(Biphenyl-4-ylacetyl)-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)amino]methyl}benzoylamino)-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-(4-{[(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-(2-naphthylacetyl)amino]methyl}benzoylamino)-2-hydroxypropionic acid, (R)-3-(4-{[(3-(3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propionyl)-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)amino]methyl}benzoylamino)-2-hydroxypropionic acid, and (R)-3-[4-({(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-[3-(3-nitrophenyl)propionyl]amino}methyl)benzoylamino]-2-hydroxypropionic acid.
52. The method according to claim 51 , said method further comprising administering to said subject an effective amount of insulin.
53. The method according to claim 51 , said method further comprising administering to said subject an effective amount of an insulin analogue or insulin derivative.
54. The method according to claim 53 , wherein said insulin analogue or insulin derivative is selected from the group consisting of N εB29 -tetradecanoyl des (B30) human insulin, Asp B28 human insulin, Lys B28 Pro B29 human insulin and human insulin glargine.