Fluorinated polythiophenes and devices thereof
A polythiophene comprising, for example, a repeating segment of the formula wherein R′ is CF 3 , alkoxy, or alkyl; and y and z represent the number of repeating segments.
1. A polythiophene comprising a repeating segment of the formula
wherein R′ is alkyl or alkoxy; y and z represent the number of repeating segments; and wherein z is equal to or greater than 1.
2. A polythiophene in accordance with claim 1 wherein y is 2 or 3, and z is from about 5 to about 15.
3. A polythiophene in accordance with claim 1 wherein R′ is selected from the group consisting of pentyl, pentyloxy, hexyl, hexyloxy, heptyl, heptyloxy, octyl, octyloxy, nonyl, nonyloxy, decyl, and decyloxy undecyl.
4. A polythiophene of Formula (I)
wherein R is alkyl or alkoxy; R′ is alkoxy or alkyl; y and z represent the number of perfluoroalkyl segments wherein z is equal to or greater than 1; and a and b represent the mole fractions of each moiety, wherein a is greater than zero and b is greater than zero, and wherein the sum of a+b is equal to about 1.
5. A polythiophene in accordance with claim 4 wherein R is selected from the group consisting of methyl, methoxy, ethyl, ethoxy, propyl, propoxy, butyl, butoxy, pentyl, pentyloxy, hexyl, hexyloxy, heptyl, heptyloxy, octyl, octyloxy, nonyl, nonyloxy, decyl, decyloxy undecyl, undecyloxy, dodecyl, and dodecyloxy.
6. A polythiophene in accordance with claim 4 wherein R′ is selected from the group consisting of methyl, methoxy, ethyl, ethoxy, propyl, propoxy, butyl, butoxy, pentyl, pentyloxy, hexyl, hexyloxy, heptyl, heptyloxy, octyl, octyloxy, nonyl, nonyloxy, decyl, decyloxy undecyl, undecyloxy, dodecyl, and dodecyloxy.
7. A polythiophene in accordance with claim 4 wherein the number average molecular weight (M n ) of said polythiophene is from about 2,000 to about 100,000, and the weight average molecular weight (M w ) is from about 4,000 to about 500,000, each measured by gel permeation chromatography using polystyrene standards.
8. A polythiophene in accordance with claim 4 wherein the number average molecular weight (M n ) thereof is from about 25,000 to about 75,000, and the weight average molecular weight (M w ) is from about 75,000 to about 200,000, each measured by gel permeation chromatography using polystyrene standards.
9. A polythiophene in accordance with claim 4 wherein when R is alkoxy, R contains from 1 to about 26 carbon atoms.
10. A polythiophene in accordance with claim 9 wherein said alkoxy is selected from the group consisting of propoxy, butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy, heptyloxy, octyloxy, nonyloxy, decyloxy, undecyloxy, and dodecyloxy.
11. A polythiophene of Formula (I)
wherein R is alkyl or alkoxy; R′ is alkoxy or alkyl; y and z represent the number of perfluoroalkyl segments wherein z is equal to or greater than 1; and a and b represent the mole fractions of each moiety, wherein a is from 0 to about 0.95, b is from about 0.05 to about 1, and wherein the sum of a+b is equal to about 1.
12. A polythiophene in accordance with claim 11 wherein a is from about 0.5 to about 0.65, and b is from about 0.35 to about 0.5.
13. A polythiophene in accordance with claim 11 wherein a is from about 0.25 to about 0.75, and b is from about 0.75 to about 0.25.
14. A process for the preparation of perfluoroalkyl-substituted polythiophenes comprising reacting at least one 2,5-dibromothiophene monomer with an alkyl magnesium halide followed by the addition of a catalytic amount of [1,2-bis(diphenyl phosphinoethane)]dichloronickel (II).
15. A polythiophene of Formula (II)
wherein R is alkyl or alkoxy; R′ is CF 3 , alkoxy or alkyl; y and z represent the number of perfluoroalkyl segments wherein z is equal to or greater than 1; and a and b represent the mole fractions of each moiety, wherein a and b are greater than zero, and wherein the sum of a+b is equal to about 1.
16. A polythiophene of Formula (III)
wherein R is alkyl or alkoxy; R′ is CF 3 , alkoxy or alkyl; y and z represent the number of perfluoroalkyl segments wherein z is equal to or greater than 1; and a and b represent the mole fractions of each moiety, wherein a is greater than zero and b is greater than zero, and wherein the sum of a+b is equal to about 1.
17. A polythiophene in accordance with claim 16 wherein the two R substituents form an integral cyclic structure with said thiophene moiety.
18. A polythiophene of the formula
wherein a and b represent the mole fractions of each moiety, wherein a and b are greater than zero, and wherein the sum of a+b is equal to about 1.