Fermentation of clavulanic acid at a controlled level of ammonia
A method for the production of clavulanic acid by the fermentation of a clavulanic acid producing microorganism at a controlled level of at least 50 mg/l ammonia has been provided for. Under the application of these reaction conditions surprisingly high production levels of clavulanic acid have been obtained.
1. A method for the production of clavulanic acid comprising regulating the concentration of ammonium ion during fermentation of a clavulanic acid producing microorganism on a suitable medium comprising carbon and nitrogen sources wherein the concentration of ammonium ion is maintained higher than 50 mg/l and below 2500 mg/l by adding continuously, semi-continuously or batchwise at least one source of ammonium ion during fermentation,
recovering the clavulanic acid produced, and
converting the recovered clavulanic acid into a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the concentration of ammonium ion is maintained about equal to or higher than 75 mg/l.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the concentration of ammonium ion is maintained about equal to or higher than 100 mg/l.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one source of ammonium ion is ammonium sulfate or urea.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least one source of ammonium ion is selected from the group consisting of ammonia and ammonium hydroxide, combined with sulfuric acid and optionally sodium hydroxide.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pH is maintained between 6.5 and 7.5.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the converting step further comprises
converting the recovered clavulanic acid into an amine salt thereof by adding the corresponding amine salt forming compound and reacting said amine clavulanate with a non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and
purifying the salt of clavulanic acid.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising purifying the recovered clavulanic acid.