Cable sheath including a halogen-free intumescent composition
The present invention relates to a sheath ( 7 ) for a cable ( 1 ), where the sheath contains, at least in part, a halogen-free intumescent composition. The composition of the sheath contains a mixture of a polymer matrix chosen from a polyethylene, a polypropylene, an ethylene copolymer, a propylene copolymer, a silicone, a polyamide, and a mixture thereof and at least one flame-retardant additive. The flame retardant additive has a first inorganic compound having a lamellar crystal structure, and a second inorganic compound inserted between the lamellae of the first compound, where the second compound causes the lamellae to move apart under the application of heat.
1. A sheath for a cable, the sheath comprising, at least in part, a halogen-free intumescent composition containing a mixture of:
a polymer matrix chosen from a polyethylene, a polypropylene, an ethylene copolymer, a propylene copolymer, a silicone, a polyamide, and a mixture thereof; and
at least one flame-retardant additive constituted by a first inorganic compound having a lamellar crystal structure, and by a second inorganic compound inserted between the lamellae of said first compound, said second compound causing said lamellae to move apart under the effect of heat.
2. A sheath according to claim 1 , wherein said first compound is chosen from a graphite and a phyllosilicate.
3. A sheath according to claim 1 , wherein the first compound is a graphite.
4. A sheath according to claim 3 , wherein said graphite has a flake size of no less than 45 μm.
5. A sheath according to claim 3 , wherein said graphite has a flake size of no less than 100 μm.
6. A sheath according to claim 3 , wherein said graphite has a flake size of no less than 300 μm.
7. A sheath according to claim 1 , wherein said second inorganic compound is sulfuric acid.
8. A sheath according to claim 7 , wherein said matrix is chosen from an ethylene and vinyl acetate copolymer, an ethylene and propylene copolymer, an ethylene and alkyl acrylate copolymer, an ethylene and acrylic acid copolymer, an ethylene terpolymer, and mixtures thereof.
9. A sheath according to claim 8 , wherein said matrix is an ethylene and vinyl acetate copolymer.
10. A sheath according to claim 9 , wherein said ethylene and vinyl acetate copolymer contains up to 80% by weight of vinyl acetate.
11. A sheath according to claim 10 , wherein said ethylene and vinyl acetate copolymer contains in the range 10% by weight to 70% by weight of vinyl acetate.
12. A sheath according to claim 1 , wherein said polymer matrix represents in the range 25% by weight to 85% by weight of said composition.
13. A sheath according to claim 12 , wherein said polymer matrix represents in the range 30 parts by weight to 85 parts by weight of said composition.
14. A sheath according to claim 1 , wherein said composition further contains an antioxidant.
15. A sheath according to claim 1 , wherein said composition further contains a char source which is constituted by an organic compound that is rich in carbon and that contains functional groups forming char when they are exposed to heat.
16. A sheath according to claim 15 , wherein said source is a polyamide.
17. A sheath according to claim 1 , wherein said composition further contains a char enhancer chosen from compounds that release an inorganic acid at high temperature.
18. A sheath according to claim 17 , wherein said enhancer is an ammonium polyphosphate.
19. A sheath according to claim 1 , wherein said composition further includes a filler.
20. A sheath according to claim 19 , wherein said filler is chosen from a mica, a clay, an inorganic oxide, a graphite, and mixtures thereof.
21. A sheath according to claim 20 , wherein said filler represents no more than 40 parts of said composition.
22. A sheath according to claim 21 , wherein said filler represents no more than 20 parts of said composition.
23. A sheath according to claim 1 , wherein said composition is not cross-linked.
24. A cable made up of at least one core and at least one sheath according to claim 1 .
25. A cable according to claim 24 , wherein said core is constituted by an optical fiber.
26. A cable according to claim 24 , wherein said core is constituted by a metal conductor.
27. A cable according to claim 24 , wherein said composition is not cross-linked.
28. A method of manufacturing a cable according to claim 24 , comprising a step of extruding a halogen-free intumescent composition around said core for forming a sheath, said composition containing a mixture of a polymer matrix chosen from a polyethylene, a polypropylene, an ethylene copolymer, a propylene copolymer, a silicone, a polyamide, and a mixture thereof, and at least one flame-retardant additive constituted by a first inorganic compound having a lamellar crystal structure, and by a second inorganic compound inserted between the lamellae of said first compound.
29. Use of a cable sheath according to claim 1 , as a flame retardant in telecommunications cables.