Controlled fusion in a field reversed configuration and direct energy conversion
View Patent ↗A system and apparatus for controlled fusion in a field reversed configuration (FRC) magnetic topology and conversion of fusion product energies directly to electric power. Preferably, plasma ions are magnetically confined in the FRC while plasma electrons are electrostatically confined in a deep energy well, created by tuning an externally applied magnetic field. In this configuration, ions and electrons may have adequate density and temperature so that upon collisions they are fused together by the nuclear force, thus forming fusion products that emerge in the form of an annular beam. Energy is removed from the fusion product ions as they spiral past electrodes of an inverse cyclotron converter. Advantageously, the fusion fuel plasmas that can be used with the present confinement and energy conversion system include advanced (aneutronic) fuels.
1. An inverse cyclotron energy converter comprising
a cylindrical vessel,
four or more semi-cylindrical electrodes forming a cylindrical surface of the vessel and in spaced relation to form a gap between adjacent electrodes,
first and second magnetic field generators,
an electron collector interposing the first and second magnetic field generators and adjacent a first end of the four or more electrodes, and
an ion collector positioned adjacent a second end of the four or more electrodes.
2. The converter of claim 1 further comprising a resonant circuit coupled to the four or more electrodes.
3. The converter of claim 1 further comprising a tank circuit coupled to the four or more electrodes.
4. The converter of claim 1 wherein the electron collector is annularly shaped.
5. The converter of claim 1 wherein the first and second magnetic field generators comprise annular field coils disposed about the vessel, wherein the field lines of the magnetic field generated by the field coils of the first magnetic field generator run in a direction opposite to the field lines of the magnetic field generated by the field coils of the second magnetic field generator.
6. The converter of claim 1 wherein the electron collector and ion collector are electrically coupled.
7. The converter of claim 1 wherein the four or more electrodes are symmetrical.
8. An inverse cyclotron energy converter comprising
a plurality of electrodes forming a generally cylindrical cavity, the electrodes being in spaced relation forming a plurality of elongate gaps there between, wherein the plurality of electrodes comprises more than two electrodes,
a magnetic field generator extending about the plurality of electrodes,
an ion collector positioned at one end of the plurality of electrodes, and
an electron collector positioned adjacent another end of the plurality of electrodes.
9. The converter of claim 8 wherein the electron collector is annular in shape.
10. The converter of claim 8 wherein the electron collector and ion collector are electrically coupled.
11. The converter of claim 8 further comprising a tank circuit coupled to the plurality of electrodes.
12. The converter of claim 8 wherein the magnetic field generator comprises a plurality of field coils extending about the plurality of electrodes.
13. The converter of claim 8 wherein the plurality of electrodes are symmetrical.
14. An inverse cyclotron energy converter comprising
at least four quadra-cylindrical electrodes forming an elongate cavity, the electrodes being in spaced relation forming at least four elongate gaps there between,
a magnetic field generator extending about the at least four electrodes,
an ion collector positioned at a first end of the at least four electrodes, and
an annular shaped electron collector positioned adjacent a second end of the at least four electrodes, the electron and ion collectors being electrically coupled to one another.
15. The converter of claim 14 further comprising a tank circuit coupled to the at least four electrodes.
16. The converter of claim 14 wherein the magnetic field generator comprises a plurality of field coils extending about the at least four electrodes.