Push-pull electromagnetic transducer with increased Xmax
An electromagnetic transducer such as an audio speaker, having an improved geometry in the positioning of its voice coils relative to its magnetic air gaps, facilitating a greater linear travel. The transducer has a push-pull geometry with at least two voice coils. At all positions throughout the linear travel region, less than 100% of the total voice coil windings are active, and less than 100% of the total available magnetic air gap height is active. As the voice coil assembly moves in one direction, the percentage of active windings or magnetic air gap is seamlessly handed off from the upper voice coil or magnetic air gap to the lower voice coil or magnetic air gap, and vice versa in the opposite direction. Some of the available voice coil windings and some of the available magnetic air gap height are left unused throughout the linear travel region, but, in exchange, the distance of the linear travel is dramatically increased.
1. An electromagnetic transducer comprising:
(a) a push-pull magnetic circuit including,
a top plate defining an upper magnetic air gap,
a bottom plate defining a lower magnetic air gap,
a total available magnetic air gap height comprising the upper and lower magnetic air gaps, and
a magnet providing magnetic flux over the upper magnetic air gap in a first direction and magnetic flux over the lower magnetic air gap in a second direction opposite the first direction; and
(b) a voice coil assembly including,
a bobbin,
an upper voice call having windings coupled to the bobbin,
a lower voice coil having windings coupled to the bobbin, and
a total available voice coil height comprising the upper and lower voice coils;
(c) wherein the upper and lower voice coils are coupled to the bobbin at respective positions such that BOTH,
less than 100% of the total available magnetic air gap height contains voice coil windings, AND
less than 100% of the total available voice coil height is within the magnetic air gaps;
(d) and wherein at least one of the voice coils is one of semi-overhung and semi-underhung.
2. The electromagnetic transducer of claim 1 having a voice-coils-axially-inside-plates configuration.
3. The electromagnetic transducer of claim 1 wherein:
one of the voice coils is semi-underhung, and the other of the voice coils is semi-overhung.
4. The electromagnetic transducer of claim 1 wherein:
the magnet comprises an external magnet.
5. The electromagnetic transducer of claim 1 wherein:
the magnet comprises an internal magnet.
6. The electromagnetic transducer of claim 1 wherein:
the voice coils are of substantially different height.
7. The electromagnetic transducer of claim 1 wherein:
the magnetic air gaps are of substantially different height.
8. The electromagnetic transducer of claim 1 further comprising:
a bucking magnet providing magnetic flux to one of the plates; and
a return pat plate defining a non-driving magnetic air gap for a low reluctance return path for magnetic flux to the bucking magnet.
9. The electromagnetic transducer of claim 1 further comprising:
a diaphragm assembly coupled to the bobbin.
10. The electromagnetic transducer of claim 1 configured as an audio speaker.
11. The electromagnetic transducer of claim 1 configured as a microphone.
12. The electromagnetic transducer of claim 1 configured as an actuator.
13. The electromagnetic transducer of claim 1 configured as a position sensor.
14. An electromagnetic transducer comprising:
(a) a push-pull magnetic circuit including,
a top plate defining an upper magnetic air gap,
a bottom plate defining a lower magnetic air gap,
a total available magnetic air gap height comprising the upper and lower magnetic air gaps, and
a magnet providing magnetic flux over the upper magnetic air gap in a first direction and magnetic flux over the lower magnetic air gap in a second direction opposite the first direction; and
(b) a voice coil assembly including,
a bobbin,
an upper voice coil having windings coupled to the bobbin,
a lower voice coil having windings coupled to the bobbin, and
a total available voice coil height comprising the upper and lower voice coils:
(c) wherein the upper and lower voice coils are coupled to the bobbin at respective positions such that BOTH,
less than 100% of the total available magnetic air gap height contains voice coil windings, AND
less than 100% of the total available voice coil height is within the magnetic air gaps;
a second such push-pull magnetic circuit; and
two additional voice coils arranged in the second magnetic circuit as the first and second voice coils are arranged in their magnetic circuit.
15. An electromagnetic transducer comprising:
(a) a push-pull magnetic circuit including,
a top plate defining an upper magnetic air gap,
a bottom plate defining a lower magnetic air gap,
a total available magnetic air gap height comprising the upper and lower magnetic air gaps, and
a magnet providing magnetic flux over the upper magnetic air gap in a first direction and magnetic flux over the lower magnetic air gap in a second direction opposite the first direction; and
(b) a voice coil assembly including,
a bobbin,
an upper voice coil having windings coupled to the bobbin,
a lower voice coil having windings coupled to the bobbin, and
a total available voice coil height comprising the upper and lower voice coils;
(c) wherein the upper and lower voice coils are coupled to the bobbin at respective positions such that BOTH,
less than 100% of the total available magnetic air gap height contains voice coil windings, AND
less than 100% of the total available voice coil height is within the magnetic air gaps;
a second top plate defining a second upper magnetic air gap above the upper magnetic air gap;
a second bottom plate defining a second lower magnetic air gap below the lower magnetic air gap;
the at least one magnet further providing magnetic flux over the second upper magnetic air gap in the first direction and magnetic flux over the second lower air gap in the second direction.
16. The electromagnetic transducer of claim 15 wherein:
magnetic flux density over the upper magnetic air gap is substantially equal to magnetic flux density over the second upper magnetic air gap.
17. The electromagnetic transducer of claim 15 further comprising:
an upper magnet magnetically coupled between the top plate and the second top plate; and
a lower magnet magnetically coupled between the bottom plate and the second bottom plate.
18. The electromagnetic transducer of claim 17 wherein:
the at least one magnet, the upper magnet and the lower magnet have their magnetic polarity in a same orientation.
19. An audio speaker comprising:
(a) a basket;
(b) a motor structure coupled to the basket and including,
at least one push-pull magnetic circuit each including,
a top plate defining an upper magnetic air gap, and
a bottom plate defining a lower magnetic air gap; and
(c) a diaphragm assembly coupled to the basket and including,
a diaphragm,
a bobbin coupled to the diaphragm, and
a pair of voice coils coupled to the bobbin for each of the push-pull magnetic circuits, wherein the voice coils are coupled to the bobbin at positions such that the voice coils extend axially inward from their corresponding plates;
(d) wherein, within a linear travel region of the audio speaker, in each of the push-pull magnetic circuits,
in a push side, only a portion of one of its magnetic air gap and its voice coil is actively engaged with the other first one having a height that is shorter than or equal to a height of the second one,
in a pull side, only a portion of one of its magnetic air gap and its voice coil is actively engaged with the other one having a height that is shorter than or equal to a height of the other, and
a cumulative height of the portions is substantially equal to 50% of a cumulative total height of the ones that are actively engaged with the others.
20. The audio speaker of claim 19 wherein:
the voice coils are semi-overhung; and
the one-way linear travel is substantially equal to a height of a voice coil minus half a height of its corresponding plate.
21. The audio speaker of claim 19 wherein:
the voice coils are semi-underhung; and
the one-way linear travel is substantially equal to a height of a plate minus half a height of its corresponding voice coil.
22. The audio speaker of claim 19 wherein the motor structure has an external magnet geometry.
23. The audio speaker of claim 19 wherein the motor structure has an internal magnet geometry.
24. The audio speaker of claim 19 further comprising:
a suspension component coupled to an end of the bobbin which is opposite the diaphragm.
25. The audio speaker of claim 24 wherein:
the diaphragm comprises a rigid planar diaphragm.
26. An apparatus comprising:
a moving magnet motor structure including,
a yoke,
a push-pull magnetic circuit having an upper plate and a lower plate magnetically coupled to opposite sides of a magnet, the upper plate and the lower plate defining an upper magnetic air gap and a lower magnetic air gap, respectively, between themselves and the yoke, and
an upper voice coil and a lower voice coil coupled to the yoke,
wherein, at a resting postion the upper voice coil and the upper magnetic air gap are partially engaged such that only part of each is engaged with the other, and the lower voice coil and the lower magnetic air gap are partially engaged such that only part of each is engaged with the other; and
a bobbin coupled to,
the upper plate,
the magnet, and
the lower plate.
27. The apparatus of claim 26 further comprising:
a body coupled to the motor structure and having an interior space into which the bobbin extends;
a suspension component coupled to an interior surface of the body and to a lower end of the bobbin which extends out of the motor structure.
28. The apparatus of claim 26 further comprising:
a diaphragm coupled to the bobbin.
29. The apparatus of claim 26 further comprising:
a body coupled to the motor structure;
a suspension component coupled to the body and to a lower end of the bobbin which extends out of the motor structure.
30. The apparatus of claim 26 configured to operate as a linear actuator.
31. The apparatus of claim 30 wherein the linear actuator comprises a vibrator.
32. The apparatus of claim 30 wherein the linear actuator comprises a vibration cancellation device.
33. The apparatus of claim 30 wherein the moving magnet configuration is an external moving magnet configuration.
34. A method of operating an electromagnetic transducer, the method comprising:
conducting magnetic flux over an upper magnetic air gap in a first direction and over a lower magnetic air gap in second direction opposite the first direction, in a push-pull magnetic circuit;
conducting at least one alternating current electrical voice signal through a pair of voice coils disposed within the magnetic circuit and including an upper voice coil having windings disposed in the upper magnetic air gap and a lower voice coil having windings disposed in the lower magnetic air gap;
continuing to move the voice coils until at least one of them enters one of,
(a) a braking magnetic air gap which is not in the push-pull magnetic circuit, and
(b) the magnetic air gap in which the other of the voice coils resides during linear travel of the electromagnetic transducer;
wherein, at a centered position of the voice coils with respect to the push-pull magnetic circuit, BOTH
(1) less than 100% of each magnetic air gap contains voice coil windings, AND
(2) less than 100% of each voice coil's windings are in its respective magnetic air gap; and
in response to the alternating current electrical voice signal, moving the voice coils until exactly one voice coil and its magnetic air gap are inactive.