PH adjustment in the flotation of sulphide minerals
The present invention relates generally to a process for flotation of sulphide minerals where a flotation pulp is separated into a coarse stream and a fine stream, preferably containing particles coarser than about 30 micron and particles finer than about 30 micron, respectively. Typically, alkali and depressant are added to the coarse flotation stream only and acid and activator are added to the fine flotation stream only. During flotation of the fine stream, acid and/or activator may be added at the conditioning, cleaning, re-cleaning, cleaner-scavenging or third cleaning stage. During flotation of the coarse stream, alkali and/or depressant may be added at the conditioning or cleaning stage.
1. A process for flotation of suiphide minerals, the process comprising the steps of:
separating a flotation pulp containing the suiphide minerals into a coarse stream and a fine stream at a cut size in the range of 20 to 50 microns;
treating the fine stream with acid and/or activator;
treating the coarse stream with alkali and/or depressant; and
floating the fine and coarse streams in separate flotation stages;
whereby the benefits of said treatments are substantially realised during flotation without an unacceptable loss of grade and recovery.
2. A process as defined in claim 1 wherein the fine stream and/or the coarse stream are treated in a cleaning circuit of the flotation process.
3. A process as defined in claim 2 wherein the fine stream and the coarse stream are treated in the cleaning circuit with moderate amounts of acid/activator and alkali/depressant, respectively.
4. A process as defined in claim 1 wherein the cut size is in the range 25 to 45 micron.
5. A process as defined in claim 1 wherein the coarse and fine streams are separated using cyclones.
6. A process as defined in claim 5 wherein a plurality of cyclones are arranged in series for separating the pulp into the coarse and fine streams.
7. A process as defined in claim 1 wherein the coarse and fine streams are separated before a rougher-scavenger stage of the flotation process.
8. A process as defined in claim 1 wherein the fine stream is floated at a low solid/liquid ratio to avoid the tendency for pulps to become viscous and to lower the recovery of fine magnesium minerals into the froth by physical carry-over with the water, the so-called entrainment effect.
9. A process as defined in claim 1 wherein the acid and/or activator is added to the fine stream during one or more of the following stages:
fine stream cleaner feed conditioning;
fine stream cleaner bank;
fine stream recleaner bank;
fine stream cleaner-scavenger bank; and/or
fine stream third cleaner bank.
10. A process as defined in claim 1 wherein the fine stream is treated with an acid selected from the group consisting of sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulphurous acid, suiphamic acid, or some other suitable inorganic/organic acid.
11. A process as defined in claim 1 wherein the fine stream is treated with an activator selected from the group consisting of copper sulphate, lead nitrate, sodium sulphide, sodium hydrogen sulphide, sodium hydrosulphide or some other inorganic or organic reagent.
12. A process as defined in claim 1 wherein the alkali and/or depressant is added to the coarse stream during one or more of the following stages:
coarse stream cleaner feed conditioning; and/or
coarse stream cleaner bank.
13. A process as defined in claim 1 wherein the coarse stream is treated with an alkali selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or ammonia, or some other suitable inorganic/organic base.
14. A process as defined in claim 1 wherein the coarse stream is treated with a depressant selected from the group consisting of guar or starch or some other inorganic or organic reagent.
15. An apparatus for flotation of sulphide minerals, the apparatus comprising:
means for separating a flotation pulp containing the sulphide minerals into a coarse stream and a fine stream at a cut size in the range of 20 to 50 microns;
an acid and activator source for treating the fine stream with acid and/or activator;
an alkali and depressant source for treating the coarse stream with alkali and/or depressant whereby the benefits of said treatments can be substantially realised during flotation without an unacceptable loss of grade and recovery; and
means for providing at least two separate flotation stages, one for flotation treatment of the fine stream and another for flotation treatment of the coarse stream.
16. An apparatus as defined in claim 15 wherein the acid and activator source comprises one or more of a fine stream conditioning tank, a fine stream cleaner bank, a fine stream cleaner-scavenger bank, a fine stream recleaner bank and/or fine stream third cleaner bank to which the acid and/or activator are added to one or more of the apparatus.
17. An apparatus as defined in claim 15 wherein the acid and/or the activator is added to a conditioning tank, a pipe/chute and/or a flotation cell.
18. An apparatus as defined in claim 15 wherein the alkali and depressant source comprises one or more of a coarse stream conditioning tank and a coarse stream cleaner bank to which the alkali and/or depressant are added to one or more of the apparatus.
19. An apparatus as defined in claim 15 wherein the alkali and/or the depressant is added to a conditioning tank, a pipe/chute and/or a flotation cell.
20. An apparatus as defined in claim 15 wherein the means for separating the pulp into a coarse stream and a fine stream comprises clusters of cyclones.
21. An apparatus as defined in claim 15 wherein said separating means is a single cyclone.