Apparatus and method for separating gases
An apparatus and method to separate a mixture of gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, by a ceramic membrane having a ceramic support and a silica layer. The invention can efficiently separate the gaseous mixture and can also cope with the extreme conditions found in, e.g., hydrocarbon producing wells. A method of manufacturing the apparatus is also disclosed.
1. A method to separate at least one acidic gas from a mixture comprising the at least one acidic gas and at least one non-acidic gas, the method comprising:
bringing the mixture into contact with a ceramic membrane comprising a separating portion and a porous support portion; and
wherein a group II metal oxide has been added to the ceramic membrane to increase the chemical affinity of the at least one acidic gas toward the ceramic membrane, said group II metal oxide having a formula MO wherein M is a group II metal and O is oxygen;
such that the at least one acidic gas passes through the ceramic membrane whilst passage of the at least one non-acidic gas through the ceramic membrane is substantially prevented.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 , which is performed in a downhole environment.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one acidic gas and the at least one non-acidic gas are recovered for subsequent use.
4. An apparatus to separate at least one acidic gas from a mixture comprising the at least one acidic gas and at least one non-acidic gas, the apparatus comprising a ceramic membrane comprising:
a separating portion adapted to permit passage of the at least one acidic gas therethrough whilst substantially preventing passage of the at least one non-acidic gas therethrough;
and a support portion;
the ceramic membrane including a group II metal oxide to increase the chemical affinity of the at least one acidic gas toward the ceramic membrane, the group II metal oxide having a formula MO wherein M is a group II metal and O is oxygen.
5. An apparatus as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the non-acidic gas comprises methane.
6. An apparatus as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the acidic gas comprises carbon dioxide.
7. An apparatus as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the ceramic membrane comprises at least one tube having a bore.
8. An apparatus as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the at least one tube is corrugated or coiled.
9. An apparatus as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the at least one tube comprises an inner tube provided within an impermeable second outer tube and the mixture comprising the at least one acidic gas and at least one non-acidic gas is injected into an annulus between the inner and outer tubes.
10. Apparatus as claimed in claim 9 , wherein a graphite seal mounts the inner tube in the outer tube.
11. Apparatus as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the ceramic membrane comprises at least one of silica, magnesium oxide, gamma alumina and a molecular sieve.
12. Apparatus as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the molecular sieve is a carbon molecular sieve.
13. Apparatus as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the support portion comprises at least one of alpha alumina, stainless steel and carbon.
14. Apparatus as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the separating portion is provided on a surface of the support portion.
15. Apparatus as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the separating portion comprises a layer of gamma alumina and a layer of silica.
16. Apparatus as claimed in claim 15 , wherein the layer of gamma alumina is provided on the support portion and the layer of silica is provided on the layer of gamma alumina.
17. Apparatus as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the separating portion has a chemical affinity for the at least one acidic gas.
18. Apparatus as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the group II metal oxide is magnesium oxide.
19. A method of manufacturing apparatus as claimed in claim 4 , the method comprising: providing a support portion;
immersing the support portion in a sol;
removing the support portion from the sol;
allowing the support to dry, thus forming the separating portion from the sol;
adding a group II metal salt to the ceramic membrane; and
reducing said group II metal salt to form the group II metal oxide, said group II metal oxide having a formula MO wherein M is a group II metal and O is oxygen.
20. A method as claimed in claim 19 , wherein the following steps of the method:
immersing the support in a sol;
removing the support from the sol; and
allowing the support to dry;
are repeated at least once.
21. A method as claimed in claim 19 , wherein the sol forms at least part of the separating portion.
22. A method as claimed in claim 19 , wherein the support is dried by applying heat.
23. A method as claimed in claim 19 which is repeated to coat the support with a second sol.
24. A method as claimed in claim 19 , wherein the ceramic membrane comprises a carbon molecular sieve and carbonisation is effected by heating the support with the carbon molecular sieve in an argon atmosphere.
25. An apparatus to separate at least one acidic gas from a mixture comprising the at least one acidic gas and at least one non-acidic gas, the apparatus comprising a first tube and a second tube, the first tube comprising a membrane which comprises a separating portion adapted to permit passage of the at least one acidic gas therethrough whilst substantially preventing passage of the at least one non-acidic gas through the ceramic membrane, and a porous support portion; wherein a group II metal oxide has been added to the ceramic membrane to increase the chemical affinity of the at least one acidic gas toward the ceramic membrane, the group II metal oxide having a formula MO wherein M is a group II metal and O is oxygen;
the first tube being mounted substantially within the second tube and being sealed therein by a graphite seal.