Organic-inorganic composite
View Patent ↗An inorganic-organic composite comprises an inorganic phase, such as gypsum crystals, and a film forming organic phase. The film forming organic phase is selected from substituted starches having a degree of polymerization; degree of substitution and viscosity such that the substituted starches are insoluble in water during mixing but dissolve at a higher processing temperature during forming, setting or drying of the composite. Thus, excessive migration of the substitute starch is prevented and the composite is substantially strengthened.
1. An organic-inorganic composite comprises:
a substituted starch having a degree of substitution of at least one substituent group;
an inorganic phase; and
water, wherein the inorganic phase, the substituted starch and the water are mixed together to form a mixture, the inorganic phase is at least partially hydrated by the water, and the degree of substitution and the at least one substituent group are selected such that the substituted starch is not soluble during mixing at a mixing temperature but at least partially dissolves as the temperature increases during processing of the mixture and forms a film substantially dispersed throughout the organic-inorganic composite wherein the organic-inorganic composite is substantially strengthened.
2. The organic-inorganic composite of claim 1 , wherein the at least one substituent group is selected from substituent groups consisting of an ether substituent group and an ester substituent group.
3. The organic-inorganic composite of claim 2 , wherein the at least one substituent group is selected from substituent groups consisting of an ester substituent group.
4. The organic-inorganic composite of claim 2 , wherein the at least one substituent group is selected from substituent groups consisting of an ether substitutent group.
5. The organic-inorganic composite of claim 1 , wherein the at least one substituent group is selected from substituent groups consisting of an alkyl substituent group, an ethyl succinate substituent group, a cationic substituent group, an anionic substituent group, and combinations thereof.
6. The organic-inorganic composite of claim 1 , wherein the substituted starch is hydroxyethylated, hydroxypropylated, or acetylated.
7. The organic-inorganic composite of claim 1 , wherein the at least one substituent group is selected such that the substituted starch is film-forming and hydrophilic such that the substituted starch forms a film on the hydrated inorganic phase.
8. The organic-inorganic composite of claim 1 , wherein the substituted starch forms a percolating, polymeric film.
9. The organic-inorganic composite of claim 1 , wherein the at least one substituent group and the degree of substitution is selected such that a weight percent solids at a viscosity of 1000 cps is at least 4 percent.
10. The organic-inorganic composite of claim 9 , wherein the at least one substituent group and the degree of substitution is selected such that a weight percent solids at a viscosity of 1000 cps and a temperature of 150 degrees Fahrenheit is in a range from 9 percent to 43 percent.
11. The organic-inorganic composite of claim 9 , wherein the at least one substituent group is a hydroxypropyl group and the degree of substitution is selected such that a weight percent solids at a viscosity of 1000 cps and a temperature of 150 degrees Fahrenheit is in a range from 14 percent to 20 percent.
12. The organic-inorganic composite of claim 11 , wherein the at least one substituent group is a hydroxyethyl group and the degree of substitution is selected such that a weight percent solids at a viscosity of 1000 cps and a temperature of 150 degrees Fahrenheit is in a range from 17 percent to 30 percent.
13. The organic-inorganic composite of claim 12 , wherein the degree of substitution of the hydroxyethyl group is selected such that a weight percent solids at a viscosity of 1000 cps and a temperature of 150 degrees Fahrenheit is in a range from 17 percent to 21 percent.
14. The organic-inorganic composite of claim 12 , wherein the degree of substitution is less than 0.3.
15. The organic-inorganic composite of claim 12 , wherein the degree of substitution is less than 6 weight percent.
16. The organic-inorganic composite of claim 12 , wherein the degree of substitution is selected in a range from 1 to 3 weight percent.
17. The organic-inorganic composite of claim 1 , wherein the substituted starch is at least partially comprised of amylopectin.
18. The organic-inorganic composite of claim 17 , wherein the substituted starch is substantially amylopectin.
19. The organic-inorganic composite of claim 1 , wherein substantially all of the substituted starch is dissolved and forms a polymeric film.
20. The organic-inorganic composite of claim 1 , wherein the substituted starch is of a hydrophobically-modified, acid-thinned waxy maize starch.
21. The organic-inorganic composite of claim 1 , wherein the substituted starch is of an acid-thinned starch and the at least one substituent group is of an hydroxypropyl group.
22. The organic-inorganic composite of claim 21 , wherein the degree of substitution is selected in a range from 1.5 to 2.5 weight percent hydroxypropyl.
23. The organic-inorganic composite of claim 1 , wherein the substituted starch is of an acetylized, acid-thinned waxy maize starch.
24. The organic-inorganic composite of claim 1 , wherein the amount of substituted starch is no greater than 2 weight percent of the weight of the substituted starch and inorganic phase.
25. The organic-inorganic composite of claim 1 , further comprising fibers dispersed substantially throughout the organic-inorganic composite.
26. The organic-inorganic composite of claim 25 , wherein the fibers are glass fibers.
27. The organic-inorganic composite of claim 1 , further comprising a cellulose ether additive selected such that a synergistic improvement in flexural strength is achieved.
28. The organic-inorganic composite of claim 27 , wherein the cellulose ether is selected from the group of cellulose ethers consisting of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxyethylmethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, cationic cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and combinations thereof.
29. The organic-inorganic composite of claim 28 , wherein the cellulose ether is of hydroxpropylmethyl cellulose.
30. A method of preparing an organic-inorganic composite article using a process having a mixing temperature range, the method comprising:
selecting a substituted starch having a degree of substitution, a degree of polymerization and at least one substituent group, such that the substituted starch is insoluble in water in the mixing temperature range;
mixing the substituted starch, an inorganic phase and water in a continuous process at a temperature within the mixing temperature range;
forming the composite article;
hydrating at least a portion of the inorganic phase;
raising the temperature above the mixing temperature range, wherein the substituted starch at least partially dissolves in the water; and
setting and drying the composite article such that the substituted starch forms a continuous polymeric film within the composite article.