Microlens for projection lithography and method of preparation thereof
Methods and systems for effecting responses on surfaces utilizing microlens arrays including microoptical components embedded or supported by a support element and positioned from the surface at a distance essentially equal to the image distance of the microoptical component with spacer elements are disclosed. Microlens arrays can be used to manipulate incident energy or radiation having a distribution in characteristic property(s) defining an object pattern to form a corresponding image pattern on a substrate surface. The energy can be light having a pattern or a specific wavelength, intensity or polarization or coherence alignment. The image pattern can have features of order 100 nm in size or less produced from corresponding object patterns having features in the order millimeters. The size of the object pattern can be reduced by the microlens arrays described by a factor of 100 or more using a single step process to form the image patterns.
1. A device, comprising:
a plurality of optical components arranged in an array and associated with a support element; and
a spacing element in contact with a surface of the support element that is sized to displace the optical components from an image surface by a distance essentially equal to the image distance of the optical components;
wherein the support element has an index of refraction less than an index of refraction of at least a portion of the optical component.
2. The device as in claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the optical components are refractive.
3. The device as in claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the optical components are microoptical components.
4. The device as in claim 1 , wherein the support element is optically transparent.
5. The device as in claim 1 , wherein the support element is flexible.
6. The device as in claim 1 , wherein the support element is non-planar.
7. The device as in claim 1 , wherein the support element is curved.
8. The device as in claim 1 , wherein the support element is spherically-shaped.
9. The device as in claim 1 , wherein the spacing element has a spherical shape.
10. The device as in claim 1 , wherein the spacing element has a cylindrical shape.
11. The device as in claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the optical components have a spherical shape.
12. The device as in claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the optical components are at least partially reflective.
13. The device as in claim 1 , wherein the array is two dimensional.
14. The device as in claim 1 , wherein the array is three dimensional.
15. The device as in claim 1 , wherein the image distance is less than about 1000 μm.
16. The device as in claim 1 , wherein the image distance is less than about 100 mm.
17. A device, comprising:
a plurality of optical components arranged in an array and associated with a support element; and
a spacing element in contact with a surface of the support element that is sized to displace the optical components from an image surface by a distance essentially equal to the image distance of the optical components;
wherein the spacing element comprises a substrate layer coating the support element.
18. The device as in claim 8 , wherein at least a portion of the optical components are refractive.
19. The device as in claim 17 , wherein at least a portion of the optical components are microoptical components.
20. The device as in claim 17 , wherein the support element is optically transparent.
21. The device as in claim 17 , wherein the support element is flexible.
22. The device as in claim 17 , wherein the support element is non-planar.
23. The device as in claim 17 , wherein the support element is curved.
24. The device as in claim 17 , wherein the support element is spherically-shaped.
25. The device as in claim 17 , wherein the spacing element has a spherical shape.
26. The device as in claim 17 , wherein the spacing element has a cylindrical shape.
27. The device as in claim 17 , wherein at least a portion of the optical components have a spherical shape.
28. The device as in claim 17 , wherein at least a portion of the optical components are at least partially reflective.
29. The device as in claim 17 , wherein the array is two dimensional.
30. The device as in claim 17 , wherein the array is three dimensional.
31. The device as in claim 17 , wherein the image distance is less than about 1000 μm.
32. The device as in claim 17 , wherein the image distance is less than about 100 mm.
33. A device, comprising:
a plurality of optical components arranged in an array and associated with a support element; and
a spacing element in contact with a surface of the support element that is sized to displace the optical components from an image surface by a distance essentially equal to the image distance of the optical components;
wherein at least a portion of the optical components comprise a graded-index fiber.
34. The device as in claim 33 , wherein at least a portion of the optical components are refractive.
35. The device as in claim 33 , wherein at least a portion of the optical components are microoptical components.
36. The device as in claim 33 , wherein the support element is optically transparent.
37. The device as in claim 33 , wherein the support element is flexible.
38. The device as in claim 33 , wherein the support element is non-planar.
39. The device as in claim 33 , wherein the support element is curved.
40. The device as in claim 33 , wherein the support element is spherically-shaped.
41. The device as in claim 33 , wherein the spacing element has a spherical shape.
42. The device as in claim 33 , wherein the spacing element has a cylindrical shape.
43. The device as in claim 33 , wherein at least a portion of the optical components have a spherical shape.
44. The device as in claim 33 , wherein at least a portion of the optical components are at least partially reflective.
45. The device as in claim 33 , wherein the array is two dimensional.
46. The device as in claim 33 , wherein the array is three dimensional.
47. The device as in claim 33 , wherein the image distance is less than about 1000 μm.
48. The device as in claim 33 , wherein the image distance is less than about 100 mm.
49. A device, comprising:
a plurality of optical components arranged in an array and associated with a support element; and
a spacing element in contact with a surface of the support element that is sized to displace the optical components from an image surface by a distance essentially equal to the image distance of the optical components;
wherein at least a portion of the optical components are at least partially exposed to an atmosphere or medium surrounding the support element.
50. The device as in claim 49 , wherein the surrounding atmosphere comprises a medium having an index of refraction of about 1.
51. The device as in claim 49 , wherein an index of refraction of the medium is less than an index of refraction of the support element.
52. The device as in claim 49 , wherein at least a portion of the optical components are refractive.
53. The device as in claim 49 , wherein at least a portion of the optical components are microoptical components.
54. The device as in claim 49 , wherein the support element is optically transparent.
55. The device as in claim 49 , wherein the support element is flexible.
56. The device as in claim 49 , wherein the support element is non-planar.
57. The device as in claim 49 , wherein the support element is curved.
58. The device as in claim 49 , wherein the support element is spherically-shaped.
59. The device as in claim 49 , wherein the spacing element has a spherical shape.
60. The device as in claim 49 , wherein the spacing element has a cylindrical shape.
61. The device as in claim 49 , wherein at least a portion of the optical components have a spherical shape.
62. The device as in claim 49 , wherein at least a portion of the optical components are at least partially reflective.
63. The device as in claim 49 , wherein the array is two dimensional.
64. The device as in claim 49 , wherein the array is three dimensional.
65. The device as in claim 49 , wherein the image distance is less than about 1000 μm.
66. The device as in claim 49 , wherein the image distance is less than about 100 μm.
67. A device, comprising:
a plurality of optical components arranged in an array and associated with a support element; and
a spacing element in contact with a surface of the support element that is sized to displace the optical components from an image surface by a distance essentially equal to the image distance of the optical component;
wherein at least a portion of the optical components have a smallest cross-sectional dimension that is less than about 1000 μm.
68. The device as in claim 67 , wherein the support element is optically transparent.
69. The device as in claim 67 , wherein the support element is flexible.
70. The device as in claim 67 , wherein the support element is non-planar.
71. The device as in claim 67 , wherein the support element is curved.
72. The device as in claim 67 , wherein the support element is spherically-shaped.
73. The device as in claim 67 , wherein the spacing element has a spherical shape.
74. The device as in claim 67 , wherein the spacing element has a cylindrical shape.
75. The device as in claim 67 , wherein at least a portion of the optical components are refractive.
76. The device as in claim 67 , wherein at least a portion of the optical components have a spherical shape.
77. The device as in claim 67 , wherein at least a portion of the optical components are at least partially reflective.
78. The device as in claim 67 , wherein the array is two dimensional.
79. The device as in claim 67 , wherein the array is three dimensional.
80. The device as in claim 67 , wherein at least some of the optical components are microoptical components.
81. The device as in claim 67 , wherein the image distance is less than about 1000 μm.
82. The device as in claim 67 , wherein the image distance is less than about 100 mm.