Recessed electrode for electrostatically actuated structures
An electro-statically actuated switch having a reduced gap distance between electrodes for reducing actuation voltage is provided. The invention provides more reliable electro-statically actuated switches. The invention provides a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) that includes a recessed, movable electrode. The invention provides electro-statically actuated switches that reduce the likelihood of stiction and beam deformation and that allows lower actuation voltage for electrostatically actuated structures such as switches and mirrors. A method for fabricating such a design is provided that allows lower actuation voltage.
1. An actuator having a recessed, movable electrode, the actuator comprising:
(a) a substrate including a stationary electrode attached thereto;
(b) a resilient structural layer including a first end fixed with respect to the substrate, a second end suspended over the substrate, and a surface between the first and second ends facing the substrate, the surface having a proximal portion and a recessed portion different from the proximal portion formed therein, the proximal portion being separated from the substrate by a distance less than the distance separating the recessed portion from the substrate; and
(c) a movable electrode having a first portion in the recessed portion of the resilient structural layer surface and a second portion in the proximal portion, whereby the first and second portions of the movable electrode are separated from the stationary electrode by different gaps.
2. A microscale, electrostatically actuated switch having a recessed, movable electrode, the switch comprising:
(a) a substrate including a stationary electrode and a stationary contact attached thereto;
(b) a resilient structural layer including a first end fixed with respect to the substrate, a second end suspended over the substrate, and a surface between the first and second ends facing the substrate, the surface having a proximal portion and a recessed portion different from the proximal portion formed therein, the proximal portion being separated from the substrate by a distance less than the distance separating the recessed portion from the substrate;
(c) a movable electrode having a first portion in the recessed portion of the resillient structural layer surface and a second portion in the proximal portion, whereby the first and second portions of the movable electrode are separated from the stationary electrode by first and second gaps, respectively; and
(d) a movable contact attached to the structural layer whereby the movable contact is separated from the stationary electrode by a distance corresponding to the second gap.
3. A method of implementing an actuation function in an actuator having a recessed, movable electrode, comprising the steps of:
(a) providing an actuator having a recessed, movable electrode, the actuator comprising:
(i) a substrate including a stationary electrode attached thereto;
(ii) a resilient structural layer including a first end fixed with respect to the substrate, a second end suspended over the substrate, and a surface between the first and second ends facing the substrate, the surface having a proximal portion and a recessed portion different from the proximal portion formed therein, the proximal portion being separated from the substrate by a distance less than the distance separating the recessed portion from the substrate; and
(iii) a movable electrode having a first portion in the recessed portion of the resilient structural layer surface and a second portion in the proximal portion, whereby the first and second portions of the movable electrode are separated from the stationary electrode by different gaps;
(b) applying a voltage between the stationary electrode and the movable electrode to electrostatically couple the movable electrode with the stationary electrode across the gap, whereby the resilient structural layer is deflected towards the substrate.
4. An actuator according to claim 1 , wherein the recessed portion is closer to the second end than the proximal portion and the proximal portion is closer to the first end than the recessed portion.
5. An actuator according to claim 1 , wherein during actuation from a rest state, the resilient structural layer is deflected toward the substrate, the proximal portion being separated from the substrate by a first smaller distance than the recessed portion in the rest state, and being separated front the substrate by a second smaller distance than the recessed portion during actuation.
6. An actuator according to claim 4 , wherein during actuation from a rest state, the resilient structural layer is deflected toward the substrate, the proximal portion being separated from the substrate by a first smaller distance than the recessed portion in the rest state, and being separated from the substrate by a second smaller distance than the recessed portion during actuation.
7. A switch according to claim 2 , wherein the recessed portion is closer to the second end than the proximal portion and the proximal portion is closer to the first end than the recessed portion.
8. A switch according to claim 2 , wherein during actuation from a rest state, the resilient structural layer is deflected toward the substrate, the proximal portion being separated from the substrate by a first smaller distance than the recessed portion in the rest state, and being separated from the substrate by a second smaller distance than the recessed portion during actuation.
9. A switch according to claim 7 , wherein during actuation from a rest state, the resilient structural layer is deflected toward the substrate, the proximal portion being separated from the substrate by a first smaller distance than the recessed portion in the rest state, and being separated from the substrate by a second smaller distance than the recessed portion during actuation.
10. A method according to claim 3 , wherein the recessed portion is closer to the second end than the proximal portion and the proximal portion is closer to the first end than the recessed portion.
11. A method according to claim 3 , wherein during actuation from a rest state, the resilient structural layer is deflected toward the substrate, the proximal portion being separated from the substrate by a first smaller distance than the recessed portion in the rest state, and being separated from the substrate by a second smaller distance than the recessed portion during actuation.
12. A method according to claim 10 , wherein during actuation from a rest state, the resilient structural layer is deflected toward the substrate, the proximal portion being separated from the substrate by a first smaller distance than the recessed portion in the rest state, and being separated from the substrate by a second smaller distance than the recessed portion during actuation.