Development of muscle mass in a mammal
In a method of developing muscle mass in a mammal, nicotine or nicotine acetylcholine receptor agonist (nAChR) is administered in combination with exercise to stimulate, recruit and mobilize muscle cells to a specific muscle mass.
1. A method of developing muscle mass in a mammal by stimulating, recruiting and mobilizing muscle cells to a specific muscle mass, the method comprising administering nicotine or nicotine acetylcholine receptor agonist (nAChR) to a mammal in an amount sufficient combined with exercise to increase said specific muscle mass.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the muscle cells are differentiated from endogenous stem cells.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said muscle cells are recruited to said specific muscle mass in response to said exercise of said specific muscle mass.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein said exercise stimulates the muscle cells of said specific muscle mass to express nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
5. The method of claim 4 including the step of administering nicotine or a nAChR agonist to bind said nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein said binding stimulates the release of growth factors, including human growth hormone (HGH), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factors (bFGF) and other chemokines, cytokines and attractants to stem cell recruitment, migration and mobilization at said specific muscle mass.
7. The method of claim 2 wherein said stem cells differentiate into the phenotype of said specific muscle mass.
8. The method of claim 3 wherein said exercise stimulates said specific muscle mass to release metabolites, catecholamines, cytokines, chemokines, and/or cause an inflammatory response in said specific muscle mass.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the nicotine or nicotine acetylcholine receptor agonist (nAChR) is administered in an amount sufficient to produce increased thermogenesis.