Rotationally symmetric tags

1. Machine-readable coded data disposed on or in a substrate in accordance with a layout, the layout having at least order n rotational symmetry, where n is at least two, the layout including n identical sub-layouts rotated 1/n revolutions apart about a center of rotational symmetry of the layout, the coded data disposed in accordance with each sub-layout including rotation-indicating data that distinguishes the rotation of that sub-layout from the rotation of at least one other sub-layout within the layout.

2. Machine-readable coded data according to claim 1 , wherein the rotation-indicating data distinguishes the rotation of the sub-layout from the rotation of each of the other sub-layouts within the layout.

3. Machine-readable coded data according to claim 1 or claim 2 , wherein the coded data is redundantly encoded and the coded data of each sub-layout includes at least one coded data codeword.

4. Machine-readable coded data according to claim 3 , wherein the coded data is redundantly encoded using a Reed-Solomon encoding.

5. Machine-readable coded data according to claim 1 , wherein each sub-layout defines a plurality of positions of data elements, the sub-layouts being interleaved with each other without any two data elements overlapping each other.

6. Machine-readable coded data according to claim 1 , wherein the layout is repeated on the substrate.

7. Machine-readable coded data according to claim 6 , wherein the layouts are packed together on the substrate.

8. Machine-readable coded data according to claim 1 , wherein the layout is any of the following in shape:

linear;

square;

rectangular;

triangular; or

hexagonal.

9. Machine-readable coded data according to claim 1 , wherein the order n of rotational symmetry is one of 2, 3, 4 and 6.

10. Machine-readable coded data according to any one of claim 9 , including a plurality of the layouts, wherein at least some of the target features are shared by at least two of the layouts.

11. Machine-readable coded data according to claim 1 , including one or more target features for enabling preliminary location and rotation of the layout to be determined by a machine used to read the coded data.

12. Machine-readable coded data according to claim 11 , wherein the target features are configured to enable perspective correction of the coded data of the, or each, layout upon reading by the machine.

13. Machine-readable coded data according to claim 12 , including at least four of the target features.

14. Machine-readable coded data according to claim 1 , the coded data being printed onto the substrate.

15. Machine-readable coded data according to claim 14 , wherein the coded data is printed onto the surface in ink that is of low-visibility or is invisible to an average unaided human eye.

16. Machine-readable coded data according to claim 15 , wherein the ink is an infrared ink that is substantially invisible to an average unaided human eye.

17. Machine-readable coded data according to claim 1 , wherein the coded data of each layout or sub-layout defines user data.

18. Machine-readable coded data according to claim 17 , wherein the user data includes location data indicative of a position of the layout pattern relative to a region of the surface.

19. Machine-readable coded data according to claim 17 , wherein the user data includes identification data identifying a region of the surface within which the layout is disposed.

20. Machine-readable coded data according to any one of claims 17 , wherein the user data includes function data identifying a function to be performed upon reading of the layout pattern or sub-pattern by the machine.

21. A surface according to claim 20 , the surface being flat or curved.

22. A method of generating an interface surface, including the steps of:

receiving, in a printer, user data;

generating machine-readable coded data incorporating the user data, in accordance with claim 17 ; and

printing the coded data onto a substrate.

23. A method according to claim 22 , further including the step of printing visible markings on the substrate.

24. A method according to claim 23 , wherein the coded data and visible markings are printed onto the substrate substantially simultaneously.

25. Machine-readable coded data according to claim 1 , wherein at least some of the coded data is not disposed in the sub-layouts.

26. A surface bearing machine-readable coded data in accordance with claim 1 .

27. A surface according to claim 26 , further including visible markings.

28. A surface according to claim 27 , wherein the visible markings include any one or more of the following:

text;

graphics;

images;

forms;

fields; and

buttons.

29. A surface according to claim 27 , wherein the visible marking are disposed adjacent to, or coincident with, at least some of the coded data.

30. A surface according to claim 26 , the surface being defined by a substrate.

31. A surface according to claim 30 , wherein the substrate is paper, card or another laminar medium.

32. A surface according to claim 26 , configured for use as an interface surface for enabling user interaction with a computer.

33. A method of using a sensing device to read machine-readable coded data according to any one of claims 1 , the method including the steps of:

(a) reading, using the sensing device, the coded data of the layout;

(b) decoding the coded data of at least one of the sub-layouts of the layout, thereby determining at least the rotation-indicating data of that sub-layout; and

(c) using the rotation-indicating data to determine a rotational position of at least one of the remaining sub-layouts to be decoded.

34. A method according to claim 33 , wherein step (a) includes the substeps of:

imaging the substrate to generate an image thereof;

processing the image to locate one or more target features of the coded data; and

on the basis of the located target features, determining a position of at least one of the sub-layouts.