Fluorometer with low heat-generating light source
This invention concerns a fluorometer preferably combined with a thermal cycler useful in biochemical protocols such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA melting curve analysis. The present fluorometer features a low heat-generating light source such as a light emitting diode (LED), having a one-to-one correspondence to each of a plurality of sample containers, such as capped PCR tubes in a standard titer tray. The fluorometer of the present invention further comprises an optical path between each LED and its correspondingly positioned container, and another optical path between each fluorescing sample within the positioned container and an optical signal sensing means. The instrument can be computer controlled.
1. An apparatus comprising:
(a) a fluorometer comprising:
a plurality of light sources, wherein each of said light sources generates heat at a level below which active cooling required;
a plurality of containers for containing a potentially fluorescing sample;
a lens; and
an optical sensor,
wherein each of said containers is positioned to correspond to one of said light sources, said lens is positioned to guide light generated from each of said light sources through said lens to its said corresponding container, and said optical sensor is in optical communication with said containers; and
(b) a thermal cycler.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a programmable controller for controlling at least one function of the fluorometer.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising an excitation filter positioned to allow transmission therethrough of light generated from each of said light sources.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising an emission filter positioned proximate to said optical sensor.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said light sources are light emitting diodes.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein said light emitting diodes are blue.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said containers comprise sample tubes.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein said sample tubes are held in position by a sample tube holder or a multiplate.
9. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein said sample tubes form an array, and said light sources are arranged in a corresponding array.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said optical sensor is selected from the group consisting of a photomultiplier tube, a charge coupled device type camera, a vacuum photodiode and an avalanche photodiode.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said lens is a fresnel lens.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein said fresnel lens is pixilated.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising at least one reflector positioned to guide light from each of said light sources to its said corresponding container.
14. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a gauge in electrical communication with said optical sensor.
15. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least one of said plurality of containers contains a potentially fluorescing sample.
16. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least one of said plurality of containers contains reagents for polymerase chain reaction amplification.
17. A method for analyzing a sample, comprising the steps of:
positioning a sample in at least one of the plurality of containers in the fluorometer of the apparatus of claim 1 ;
generating light from at least one of the plurality of tow heat generating light sources;
guiding the generated light from said at least one light source through said lens to its said corresponding container in which said sample is positioned; and
detecting for a fluorescing signal from said sample with said optical sensor.
18. A fluorometer comprising:
a plurality of light sources, wherein each of said light sources generates heat at a level below which active cooling is required;
a plurality of containers for containing a potentially fluorescing sample, wherein at least one of said plurality of containers contains reagents for polymerase chain reaction amplification;
a lens; and
an optical sensor,
wherein each of said containers is positioned to correspond to one of said light sources, said lens is positioned to guide light generated from each of said light sources through said lens to its said corresponding container, and said optical sensor is in optical communication with said containers.