Polymer matrix material
The polymer matrix material includes a polymerization product of one or more monomers selected from the group of water-soluble, ethylenically-unsaturated acids and acid derivatives, and a crosslinking agent. A quantity of water is used for polymerization, such that the polymer material is swelled to a defined volume upon curing. Optionally, a water-soluble or water-swellable polymer and/or a chemical polymerization initiator.
1. A method of making an ionic conducting membrane comprising:
providing a polyamide substrate;
polymerizing upon said polyamide substrate an aqueous solution of
one or more monomers selected from the group consisting of water-soluble, ethylenically-unsaturated acids and acid derivatives and
a crosslinking agent, and
replacing a portion of the water of the aqueous solution with an alkaline solution,
wherein the membrane is swelled to a thickness upon curing prior to replacing a portion of water of the aqueous solution with the alkaline solution,
wherein the quantity and concentration of the alkaline solution is selected such that the thickness of the membrane after species replacement deviates from the thickness of the membrane before species replacement by less than about 50% to minimize excessive swelling or shrinking of the membrane.
2. The method as in claim 1 , Wherein the polymerization is carried out at a temperature ranging from room temperature to about 130° C.
3. The method as in claim 1 , wherein the polymerization is carried out at a temperature ranging from about 75° to about 100° C.
4. The method as in claim 1 , wherein the polymerization is carried out using radiation in conjunction with heating.
5. The method as in claim 1 , wherein the polymerization is carried out using radiation.
6. The method as in claim 4 , wherein the radiation source is selected from the group consisting of ultraviolet light, gamma rays, x-rays, electron beam, and a combination of at least one of the foregoing radiation sources.
7. The method as in claim 1 , wherein the aqueous solution further comprises a chemical polymerization initiator.
8. The method as in claim 1 , wherein the quantity and concentration of the alkaline solution is selected such that the thickness of the membrane after species replacement deviates from the thickness of the membrane before species replacement by less than about 20%.
9. The method as in claim 1 , wherein the quantity and concentration of the alkaline solution is selected such that the thickness of the membrane after species replacement deviates from the thickness of the membrane before species replacement by less than about 5%.