Crystalline superfine particles, complex material, method of manufacturing crystalline superfine particles, inverted micelles, inverted micelles enveloping precursor superfine particles, inverted micelles enveloping crystalline superfine particles, and precursor superfine particles
Crystalline superfine particles capable of emitting light depending upon a time-rate-of-change of a stress and controlled in grain size in the range from 5 nm to 100 nm are complexed with another material such as resin. The crystalline superfine particles are manufactured by using aggregates of molecules, i.e. inverted micelles, which orient hydrophilic groups of surfactant molecules inward and hydrophobic groups outward in a nonpolar solvent and which contain metal ions of a metal for forming the crystalline superfine particles dissolved in water inside the inverted micelles. Alternatively, they are manufactured by using inverted micelles enveloping precursor superfine particles, in which precursor superfine particles are enveloped in water inside the inverted micelles. The crystalline superfine particles are excellent in dispersibility in another material to be complexed, enhanced in emission efficiency and usable to make a transparent stress emission material. The complex material obtained is used to manufacture artificial light-emitting hair structures, artificial light-emitting skin, artificial light-emitting bodies, artificial light-emitting fabrics, and others.
1. A complex material composed of crystalline superfine particles having a grain size in the range from 5 nm to 100 nm and the surface thereof is covered by surfactant and another material, and emitting light depending upon the time-rate-of-change of a stress applied thereto,
wherein the crystalline superfine particle has a composition expressed by the general formula A x B y O z where
0.8≦x≦1.1
1.8≦y≦2.2
{(2x+3y)/2}−0.2<z<{(2x+3y)/2}+0.2
A=Sr k Ba j Ca m Mg n (0≦k,l,m,n≦1, k+l+m+n=1)
B=Al l−p Dp (0≦p<1)
D=Y q Ga r In t (0≦q,r,t≦1,q+r+t=1)
wherein a rare earth element or a transition metal element is added by 0.2 mol or less in total relative to 1 mol of A x B y O z ,
wherein weight percent of the crystalline superfine particles is from 30% to 80%.
2. The complex material according to claim 1 wherein said another material is a transparent material.
3. The complex material according to claim 1 wherein said another material is a resin.
4. The complex material according to claim 3 wherein the resin is a photo-curing resin.
5. The complex material according to claim 1 wherein said another material is glass.
6. The complex material according to claim 1 wherein said another material is a liquid.
7. The complex material according to claim 1 wherein the crystalline superfine particles discretely disperse in said another material.
8. The complex material according to claim 1 wherein, even when the crystalline superfine particles dispersed in said another material form aggregates, maximum size of each aggregate is 100 nm.
9. A complex material composed of crystalline superfine particles having a grain size in the range from 5 nm to 100 nm and the surface thereof is covered by surfactant and another material, and emitting light depending upon the time-rate-of-change of a stress applied thereto,
wherein Young's modulus of the complex material is 0.0001 MPa or more.
10. The complex material according to claim 9 , wherein the Young's modulus of the complex material is 10 MPa or more.
11. The complex material according to claim 9 , wherein the crystalline superfine particle has a composition expressed by the general formula A x B y O z where
0.8≦x≦1.1
1.8≦y≦2.2
{(2x+3y)/2}−0.2<z<{(2x+3y)/2}+0.2
A=Sr k Ba j Ca m Mg n (0≦k,l,m,n≦1, k+l+m+n=1)
B=Al l−p Dp (0≦p<1)
D=Y q Ga r In t (0≦q,r,t≦1,q+r+t=1)
wherein a rare earth element or a transition metal element is added by 0.2 mol or less in total relative to 1 mol of A x B y O z ,
wherein the crystalline superfine particles discretely disperse in said another material.
12. The complex material according to claim 1 wherein said another material is an elastic material.