Misfolded protein sensor method in body fluids
A catalytic conformational sensor method for detecting abnormal proteins and proteinaceous particles. The method is based on the interaction of a peptide fragment or probe with an abnormal proteinaceous particle. The interaction catalyzes transformation of the probe to a predominately beta sheet conformation and allows the probe to bind to the abnormal proteinaceous particle. This in turn, catalyzes propagation of a signal associated with the test sample-bound probe. As a result signals can be propagated even from samples containing very low concentrations of abnormal proteinaceous particles as is the case in many body-fluid derived samples.
1. A method for detecting, in body fluids, misfolded proteinaceous particles comprising a predominantly beta-sheet secondary structure, said method comprising:
(a) obtaining a test specimen comprising body fluids;
(b) adding a propagation catalyst to the test specimen, thereby forming a mixture, wherein: (i) the propagation catalyst is a peptide; (ii) the peptide has a predominantly alpha-helix and/or random coil secondary structure that interacts with misfolded proteinaceous particles, and (iii) the peptide undergoes a conformational shift that results in a decrease in alpha-helix and/or random coil secondary structure and an increase in beta-sheet secondary structure upon contact with misfolded proteinaceous particles or upon contact with another such propagation catalyst that has undergone such a conformational shift;
(c) allowing the propagation catalyst and any misfolded proteinaceous particles in the test specimen to interact; and
(d) detecting any increase in beta-sheet secondary structure in the mixture, the increase being due, at least in part, to an increase in beta-sheet secondary structure of the propagation catalyst, wherein any such increase indicates the presence of misfolded proteinaceous particles in the test specimen.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said obtaining step does not include physically sacrificing a subject from which the test specimen is obtained.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said obtaining step comprises drawing body fluids but does not comprise biopsy of tissues or organs.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said propagation catalyst is an optically labeled peptide.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said body fluids comprise fluids present in animals substantially in fluid form.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein said body fluids comprise diluent in combination with fluids present in animals substantially in fluid form.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein said body fluids comprise blood.
8. The method of claim 5 , wherein said body fluids comprise cerebral spinal fluid.
9. The method of claim 5 , wherein said body fluids comprise lymph.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the propagation catalyst is not infectious and the step of adding the propagation catalyst to the specimen is not infectiously hazardous to performers of the step.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the propagation catalyst is not infectious and the step of detecting any increase in beta-sheet secondary structure in the mixture is not infectiously hazardous to performers of the step.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the detecting step comprises taking optical measurements or structural measurements.
13. An in vitro method of detecting the presence of a misfolded form of a prion protein (PrP SC ) comprising a predominantly beta-sheet secondary structure in a sample, said method comprising:
(a) obtaining a sample comprising body fluids;
(b) adding a propagation catalyst to the sample, wherein: (i) the propagation catalyst is a peptide; (ii) the peptide has a predominantly alpha-helix and/or random coil secondary structure that interacts with a PrP SC , and (iii) the peptide undergoes a conformational shift that results in a decrease in alpha-helix and/or random coil secondary structure and an increase in beta-sheet secondary structure upon contact with misfolded PrP SC comprising a predominantly beta-sheet secondary structure or upon contact with another such propagation catalyst that has undergone such a conformational shift;
(c) allowing the catalyst and any misfolded PrP SC present in the sample to interact; and
(d) detecting any increase in beta-sheet secondary structure in the mixture, the increase being due, at least in part, to an increase in beta-sheet secondary structure of the propagation catalyst, wherein any such increase indicates the presence of misfolded PrP SC in the sample.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the propagation catalyst is an optically labeled peptide.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the detecting step comprises taking optical measurements.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the propagation catalyst comprises a fluorescent label and the detecting step comprises detecting fluorescence of the propagation catalyst.
17. The method of claim 13 , wherein the detecting step comprises taking structural measurements, using an analytical technique selected from light scattering and circular dichroism, or a combination thereof.
18. The method of claim 13 , wherein the propagation catalyst comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of a polylysine sequence, a polyglutamine sequence, and a sequence from a PrP SC .
19. The method of claim 13 , wherein the method further comprises, prior to the step of adding the propagation catalyst to the sample, the step of subjecting the sample to a disaggregation technique.
20. The method of claim 13 , wherein the bodily fluids are obtained from a living animal.
21. The method of claim 13 , wherein the body fluids comprise blood.
22. The method of claim 13 , wherein the body fluids comprise cerebral spinal fluid.
23. The method of claim 13 , wherein the body fluids comprise lymph.
24. The method of claim 13 , wherein the propagation catalyst is not infectious.
25. The method of claim 24 , wherein the step of adding the propagation catalyst to the sample is not infectiously hazardous to performers of the step.
26. The method of claim 24 , wherein the step of detecting any increase in beta-sheet secondary structure in the mixture is not infectiously hazardous to performers of the step.
27. The method of claim 13 , wherein the PrP SC is associated with transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE).
28. The method of claim 27 , wherein the propagation catalyst comprises a polylysine amino acid sequence.
29. The method of claim 13 , wherein the PrP SC is associated with Creutzfeldt-Jakob syndrome.
30. The method of claim 13 , wherein the PrP SC is associated with scrapie.
31. The method of claim 4 , wherein the propagation catalyst comprises a fluorescent label and the detecting step comprises detecting fluorescence of the propagation catalyst.
32. The method of claim 1 , wherein the detecting step comprises using an analytical technique selected from light scattering and circular dichroism.
33. The method of claim 1 , wherein the propagation catalyst comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of a polylysine sequence, a polyglutamine sequence, and a sequence from the proteinaceous particle.
34. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises, prior to the step of adding the propagation catalyst to the specimen, the step of subjecting the sample to a disaggregation technique.
35. The method of claim 5 , wherein the bodily fluids are obtained from a living animal.
36. The method of claim 1 , wherein the proteinaceous particle is a disease-associated protein.