Process to form compound with indolocarbazole moieties
A process composed of: reacting a reaction mixture comprised of one or more optionally substituted indolocarbazoles, a reaction medium, and a coupling agent at a reaction temperature to form a compound composed of a plurality of optionally substituted indolocarbazole moieties which are the same or different from each other.
1. A process for polymerizing indolocarbazole moieties comprising:
reacting a reaction mixture comprised of one or more optionally substituted indolocarbazoles, a reaction medium, and a coupling agent at a reaction temperature to form a polymer comprising a plurality of optionally substituted indolocarbazole moieties which are the same or different from each other, wherein the coupling agent is an oxidizing agent selected from the group consisting of FeCl 3 , FeBr 3 , Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , RuCl 3 , MoCl 5 , Na 2 S 2 O 8 , K 2 S 2 O 8 , K 2 Cr 2 O 7 , KMnO 4 , KBrO 3 , and KClO 3 , or a mixture thereof.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reaction temperature ranges from about −40° C. to about 200° C.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reaction temperature ranges from about about −20° C. to about 150° C.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reaction temperature ranges from about from about 0° C. to about 100° C.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reaction mixture includes at least two optionally substituted indolocarbazoles.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the indolocarbazole moieties has one or more nitrogen substitutions and optionally has one or more peripheral substitutions.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the number of the optionally substituted indolocarbazole moieties ranges from 2 to about 500.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the optional substituents of the optionally substituted indolocarbazole moieties are independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon group, a heteroatom-containing group, and a halogen, or a mixture thereof.
9. The process of claim 8 , wherein the heteroatom-containing group is independently selected from the group consisting of fluoroalkyl, fluoroaryl, cyano, nitro, carbonyl, carboxylate, alkoxy, and amino, or a mixture thereof.
10. A process for polymerizing indolocarbazole moieties comprising:
reacting a reaction mixture comprised of one or more optionally substituted indolocarbazoles, a reaction medium, and a coupling agent at a reaction temperature to form a polymer comprising a plurality of optionally substituted indolocarbazole moieties which are the same or different from each other, wherein the one or more optionally substituted indolocarbazoles are independently selected from the group consisting of structures (A), (B), (C), (D) (E), (F) and (G), or a mixture thereof:
wherein for each of the structures (A) through (G), each R is independently selected from a group consisting of a hydrogen, a hydrocarbon group and a heteroatom-containing group, wherein each of the structures (A) through (G) is optionally peripherally substituted, wherein the coupling agent is an oxidizing agent selected from the group consisting of FeCl 3 , FeBr 3 , Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , RuCl 3 , MoCl 5 , Na 2 S 2 O 8 , K 2 S 2 O 8 , K 2 Cr 2 O 7 , KMnO 4 , KBrO 3 , and KClO 3 , or a mixture thereof.
11. The process of claim 10 , wherein one or more of the structures (A) through (G) is peripherally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon group, a heteroatom-containing group, and a halogen, or a mixture thereof.
12. The process of claim 10 , wherein the reaction temperature ranges from about −40° C. to about 200° C.
13. The process of claim 10 , wherein the reaction temperature ranges from about −20° C. to about 150° C.
14. The process of claim 10 , wherein the reaction temperature ranges from about from about 0° C. to about 100° C.
15. The process of claim 10 , wherein the number of the optionally substituted indolocarbazole moieties ranges from 2 to about 500.
16. The process of claim 10 , wherein the optional substituents of the optionally substituted indolocarbazole moieties are independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon group, a heteroatom-containing group, and a halogen, or a mixture thereof.
17. The process of claim 16 , wherein the heteroatom-containing group is independently selected from the group consisting of fluoroalkyl, fluoroaryl, cyano, nitro, carbonyl, carboxylate, alkoxy, and amino, or a mixture thereof.
18. A process of claim 10 , wherein the one or more optionally substituted indolocarbazoles is selected from the group consisting of structures (I) through (VIII):
or a mixture thereof.