Method of making ceramic composite devices with unidirectionally aligned reinforcing fibers
Ceramic composite materials have unidirectional alignment of the reinforcing fibers. The ratio of the volume of the fiber strands of the reinforcing fibers to the volume of the matrix is at least 0.5. A process for their production involves initially coating the fiber strands or rovings of the reinforcing fibers with a sacrificial polymer. The coated fiber strands are processed with binder resins into unidirectionally reinforced CFK molded parts. The formed CFK bodies are carbonized to form CFC bodies. The CFC bodies are then silicized with liquid silicon. The liquid silicon diffuses into the pores formed in the CFC body and combines there at least partially with the carbon to form silicon carbide. The sacrificial polymer is pyrolized. The ceramic composite materials also can be used in fiber-reinforced ceramic structural parts.
1. A process for producing ceramic composite materials with unidirectionally aligned reinforcing fibers, which comprises:
providing a polymer over reinforcing fibers, the polymer having a mass;
processing the reinforcing fibers having the polymer thereover by adding binder resins to form a unidirectionally reinforced CFK molded part;
carbonizing the unidirectionally reinforced CFK molded part to form a Carbon Fiber-reinforced Carbon (CFC) body;
decomposing the polymer at least almost completely during the carbonizing step to form a carbon residue in an amount of up to 60% of the mass of the polymer, to form a pore channel structure, and to set at least one of a volume ratio of the polymer to the reinforcing fibers from 0.05 to 50 and a mass ratio of the polymer to the reinforcing fibers from 0.1 to 25; and
infiltrating the CFC body with liquid silicon to penetrate the liquid silicon into the pore channel structure formed in the CFC body and to combine the liquid silicon at least partially with the carbon residue to form silicon carbide.
2. The process according to claim 1 , which further comprises setting the amount of the carbon residue formed in the decomposing step to be from 10% to 60% of the mass of the polymer.
3. The process according to claim 1 , which further comprises setting the amount of the carbon residue formed in the decomposing step to be up to 10 of the mass of the polymer.
4. The process according to claim 1 , which further comprises using rovings as the reinforcing fibers.
5. The process according to claim 1 , which further comprises using fiber strands as the reinforcing fibers.
6. The process according to claim 1 , which further comprises coating the reinforcing fibers with the polymer.
7. The process according to claim 1 , which further comprises separating the reinforcing fibers from each other with the polymer.
8. The process according to claim 1 , which further comprises completely decomposing the polymer during the carbonizing step.
9. The process according to claim 1 , which further comprises choosing, as the polymer, a thermoplastic material having a softening point above 150° C.
10. The process according to claim 1 , which further comprises choosing, as the polymer, a thermoset having a decomposition temperature above 150° C.
11. The process according to claim 1 , which further comprises providing the polymer in fiber form.
12. The process according to claim 11 , which further comprises selecting the polymer in fiber form from the group consisting of a polyester fiber, an aramide fiber, a polyacrylonitrile fiber, a cellulose fiber, and a wool fiber.
13. The process according to claim 11 , which further comprises connecting the reinforcing fibers and the polymer in fiber form by a method selected from the group consisting of entwining, bonding, coiling, threading, weaving round, sewing, interweaving, twisting, and encasing the reinforcing fibers within a woven made from the polymer in fiber form.
14. The process according to claim 1 , which further comprises using carbon fibers as the reinforcing fibers.
15. A method for producing structural parts, which comprises:
forming a structural part including unidirectionally aligned carbon reinforcing fibers and a matrix, the matrix obtained by:
providing a polymer over the unidirectionally aligned carbon reinforcing fibers, the polymer having a mass;
processing the unidirectionally aligned carbon reinforcing fibers having the polymer thereover by adding binder resins to form a unidirectionally reinforced CFK molded part;
carbonizing the unidirectionally reinforced CFK molded part to form a Carbon Fiber-reinforced Carbon (CFC) body;
decomposing the polymer at least almost completely during the carbonizing step to form a carbon residue in an amount of up to 60% of the mass of the polymer, to form a pore channel structure, and to set at least one of a volume ratio of the polymer to the carbon reinforcing fibers from 0.05 to 50 and a mass ratio of the polymer to the reinforcing fibers from 0.1 to 25;
infiltrating the CFC body with liquid silicon to penetrate the liquid silicon into the pore channel structure formed in the CFC body and to combine the liquid silicon at least partially with the carbon residue to form silicon carbide; and
maintaining a ratio of a volume of said reinforcing fibers to a volume of said matrix of at least 0.3.
16. The method according to claim 15 , which further comprises including, in the structural part, a composite material selected from the group consisting of a reinforcing fiber, a carbon fiber formed as a short fiber, and a two-dimensional formation having a matrix containing silicon carbide and having a configuration selected from the group consisting of a woven, a knitted fabric, a felt, a fleece, and a knitting fiber.
17. The method according to claim 16 , which further comprises:
including a plurality of the composite materials; and
combining the plurality of the composite materials with one another by joint silicization.
18. The method according to claim 15 , which further comprises selecting the structural part from the group consisting of a screw, a bolt, a sleeve, and tubing.
19. The method according to claim 15 , which further comprises forming a rotationally symmetrical as the structural part.
20. The method according to claim 15 , which further comprises forming a coiled part as the structural part.
21. The method according to claim 20 , which further comprises selecting the rotationally symmetrical part from the group consisting of a nozzle and a combustion chamber.
22. The method according to claim 15 , which further comprises forming a friction disc as the structural part.