Metal peroxide films
Disclosed are adhesive coating compositions containing a metal peroxide for producing clear colorless adhesive coatings on substrates, particularly micro particulate substrates. In one preferred embodiment the nanoparticle coatings are chemically active and function at a high level of efficiency due to the high total surface area of the micro particulate substrate. Also disclosed are coated substrates and compositions having nanoparticles bound to a substrate by the coating compositions.
1. A process for producing a clear, colorless solution of a metal oxy peroxide of the formula MO(OOH) x where x is 2, 3, 4, or 6 comprising
forming an aqueous solution of a metal peroxide having the formula M(OOH) y , where y is 2, 3, 4, or 6 where such solution is substantially free of other peroxides of the metal, diluting the solution to a metal peroxide concentration of between about 0.5% and about 0.85% by weight of the solution at a pH in the range of from about 4.0 to about 6.5, heating the solution to boiling for a period of from about 1 to about 4 hours, cooling the solution, reheating the solution to boiling for a period of between about 1 and about 2 hours, cooling the solution, reheating the solution to boiling until the peroxide concentration in the solution is in the range of from about 12.5% to about 25% by weight of the initially present metal peroxide, and cooling the resulting clear colorless solution.
2. The process of claim 1 where the metal peroxide is selected from the group consisting of peroxides of a metal of group III of the Periodic Table.
3. The process of claim 1 where the metal peroxide is selected from the group consisting of peroxides of a metal of group II of the Periodic Table.
4. The process of claim 1 where the metal peroxide is selected from the group consisting of peroxides of Sc, La, Yttrium, platinum, selenium, tin, vanadium, zirconium, hafnium, aluminum and iron.
5. The process of claim 1 where the metal peroxide is selected from the group consisting of peroxides of the lanthanide series of elements.
6. The process of claim 1 where the metal peroxide is selected from the group consisting of peroxides of platinum, selenium and tin.
7. The process of claim 1 where the metal peroxide is selected from the group consisting of peroxides of zirconium and hafnium.
8. The process of claim 1 where the metal peroxide is titanium peroxy acid.
9. The process of claim 1 where the initial metal oxy peroxide concentration is between about 0.65% and about 0.85% by weight.
10. The process of claim 1 where the initial metal oxy peroxide concentration is between about 0.4% and about 0.65% by weight.
11. The process of claim 1 where the pH of the peroxide solution is in the range of from about 5.0 to about 6.0.
12. The process of claim 1 where the peroxide concentration in the clear, colorless solution is in the range of from about 19% to about 25% by weight of the initially present metal peroxide.
13. The process of claim 1 where the peroxide concentration in the clear, colorless solution is in the range of from about 12.5% to about 19% by weight of the initially present metal peroxide.
14. The product of the process of claim 1 .
15. The product of the process of claim 2 .
16. The product of the process of claim 3 .
17. The product of the process of claim 4 .
18. The product of the process of claim 7 .
19. The product of the process of claim 8 .
20. A coated substrate prepared by coating the substrate with the composition of claim 14 and drying the coated substrate.
21. A coated substrate prepared by coating the substrate with the composition of claim 15 and drying the coated substrate.
22. A coated substrate prepared by coating the substrate with the composition of claim 16 and drying the coated substrate.
23. The coated substrate of claim 20 where the coating is applied by spraying or dipping.
24. The coated substrate of claim 20 where the coating is applied by spraying at a temperature of from about 25 to about 100° C.
25. The coated substrate of claim 20 where the coating has a thickness of from about 1 to about 1000 microns.
26. The coated substrate of claim 20 where the coating has a thickness of from about 10 to about 500 microns.
27. The coated substrate of claim 20 where the coating has a thickness of from about 100 to about 250 microns.
28. The coated substrate of claim 20 where the substrate is selected from the group consisting of glass, metal, polymer, ceramic, concrete, masonry, wood, stone, mineral filler and textile.
29. The coated substrate of claim 20 where the substrate is selected from the group consisting of glass, metal, talc (calcium carbonate), china clay (kaolin) and polymer.
30. The coated substrate of claim 20 where the substrate is a microparticle.
31. The coated substrate of claim 20 where the microparticle is a microsphere.
32. The coated substrate of claim 31 microspheres have a diameter in the range of 1 to 100 microns.
33. The coated substrate of claim 31 where the microspheres have a diameter in the range of 1 to 50 microns.
34. The coated substrate of claim 31 where the microspheres have a diameter in the range of 1 to 20 microns.
35. The coated substrate of claim 31 where the microsphere is a clear or translucent glass microsphere.
36. The coated substrate of claim 31 where the glass microsphere is selected from solid and hollow microspheres.
37. The coated substrate of claim 20 where the substrate is a lamellar platelet.
38. The coated substrate of claim 37 where the platelet comprises mica, or a lamellar metal-containing pigment.
39. The coated substrate of claim 37 where the platelet comprises a metal flake or oxide coated-metal flake pigment.
40. The coated substrate of claim 37 where the platelet comprises a metal oxide-coated mica pigment.
41. The coated substrate of claim 37 where the platelet comprises a titanium or iron oxide-coated mica pigment.
42. The coated substrate of claim 20 where the substrate is a pigment.
43. A coating composition comprising nanoparticles admixed with the product of claim 14 .
44. The coating composition of claim 43 where the nanoparticles comprise from about 10 to about 90 weight percent of the composition.
45. The coating composition of claim 43 where the nanoparticles comprise from about 25 to about 75 weight percent of the composition.
46. The coating composition of claim 43 where the nanoparticles comprise from about 30 to about 50 weight percent of the composition.
47. The coating composition of claim 43 where the nanoparticles are selected from the group consisting of TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , ZnO, SrTiO 3 , CdO, In 2 O 3 , BaTiO 3 , K 2 NbO 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , Ta 2 O 5 , WO 3 , SaO 2 , Bi 2 O 3 , NiO, Cu 2 O, SiO 2 , RuO 2 , CeO 2 .
48. The coating composition of claim 43 where the nanoparticles are selected from TiO 2 and ZrO 2 .
49. The coating composition of claim 43 where the nanoparticles are anatase TiO 2 .
50. The coating composition of claim 43 where the nanoparticles are rutile TiO 2 .
51. A light-refracting, color-enhancing coating composition comprising a mixture of
(a) at least one color-enhancing agent selected from the group consisting of dyes, pigments, metallic flakes, mica, opaque glass beads, opaque glass particles of random geometric shape, and holographic flakes, and
(b) a mixture transparent or translucent glass beads having a diameter which is up to about 20 microns and having different refractive indexes within the range of about 1.5 and 2.5, and
(c) the binder material in accordance with claim 14 .
52. The composition of claim 51 in which the diameter of the glass beads is between about 5 and 20 microns.
53. The composition of claim 51 in which the glass beads comprise a mixture of beads some of which have a refractive index of below about 1.9 and others of which have a refractive index of above about 2.1.
54. The composition of claim 51 where the color-enhancing agent is mica.
55. An improved pigment blend, comprising one or more pigments and a plurality of glass particles selected from the group consisting of glass microspheres having a diameter less than about 50 microns and glass chips having a substantially random geometrical shape and a particle size less than about 50 microns; wherein the glass particles are at least partially coated with the coating of claim 14 .