Methods of fabricating a via-in-pad with off-center geometry
The electrical contacts, such as ball grid array (BGA) solder balls, of an integrated circuit (IC) are coupled to printed circuit board (PCB) bonding pads that include vias. According to an embodiment of an electronic assembly, the vias are formed off-center, so as to inhibit bridging between adjacent solder balls during a solder reflow operation by minimizing the effect of solder ball ballooning resulting from outgassing of a thermally expansive substance, such as a volatile organic compound (VOC) from the via channels. The bonding pads are separated into two groups, each having vias offset in a different direction, so that asymmetric surface tension forces in the molten solder during a solder reflow operation do not cause the IC to slide to one side. A substrate, an electronic assembly, an electronic system, and fabrication methods are also described.
1. A method comprising:
forming on a substrate a plurality of mounting lands and a centerline separating the plurality of lands into two substantially equal portions, each land having a circular perimeter and a geometric center, wherein each land has a via offset therein extending into the substrate, wherein each via has a geometric center located in a region between the geometric center and the perimeter of its associated land, wherein the lands comprise a first group having vias whose geometric centers are offset in a first direction with respect to the geometric centers of the corresponding lands of the first group, wherein the lands comprise a second group having vias whose geometric centers are offset in a second direction with respect to the geometric centers of the corresponding lands of the second group, wherein the first and second groups are on opposite sides of the centerline; and wherein the first direction is different from the second direction.
2. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein in the forming operation the vias are formed by drilling.
3. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein vias of adjacent lands within either the first group or second group are drilled at substantially the same distance from the geometric centers of the respective lands, and wherein the offsets of such vias from the geometric centers of the respective lands have substantially the same angle.
4. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein the first direction is opposite to the second direction.
5. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein the vias are circular.
6. The method recited in claim 1 and further comprising:
aligning an integrated circuit package having contacts comprising electrically conductive material with respect to the lands; and
heating the electrically conductive material and the lands until they join.
7. The method recited in claim 6 , wherein the contacts form a portion of a ball grid array.
8. The method recited in claim 6 , further comprising:
prior to aligning, applying a material over the surface of the substrate, including the vias, the material comprising a thermally expansive substance.
9. The method recited in claim 8 , wherein the material comprises a volatile organic compound.
10. The method recited in claim 8 , wherein the material is from the group comprising a solder mask, a solder flux, a solder paste, a solvent, and a via cap.
11. The method recited in claim 6 , wherein the electrically conductive material comprises solder.
12. The method recited in claim 11 , wherein in the heating operation the solder adheres to the entire respective land without any other material intervening between the solder and the respective land.
13. The method recited in claim 6 , wherein the contacts are solder balls.