Broadband electric-magnetic antenna apparatus and method
View Patent ↗The present invention is directed to a broadband electric-magnetic antenna apparatus and method. The present invention teaches a variety of electric antennas suitable for use in the present invention as well as a variety of magnetic antennas suitable for use in the present invention. Combination of a broadband electric antenna element and a broadband magnetic element to create a broadband electric-magnetic antenna system is discussed. This invention further teaches systems for using a broadband electric magnetic antenna system to radiate or receive quadrature signals.
1. A first broadband electric dipole antenna apparatus, said apparatus comprising:
a first antenna element; and
a second antenna element;
where said first antenna element is generally aligned along a z-axis and where said first antenna element further comprises an equipotential tapered element,
said equipotential element having a shape substantially defined by a radial coordinate (r) and an angular coordinate (θ),
said angular coordinate (θ) describing an angle with respect to said z-axis,
said radial coordinate substantially satisfying the relation r=K√{square root over (cos θ)} where K is a constant.
2. The apparatus in claim 1 further comprising a second broadband electric dipole antenna apparatus,
said first broadband electric dipole antenna apparatus being substantially planar;
said second broadband electric dipole antenna apparatus being substantially planar; and
said second broadband electric dipole antenna apparatus being substantially orthogonal to said first antenna element.
3. A first broadband magnetic antenna apparatus comprising N lobes wherein said lobes are substantially planar, wherein N is greater than or equal to two (N≧2), and wherein there is a common orientation of current circulation in the N lobes.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 further comprising an offset feed.
5. The apparatus of claim 3 further comprising a serrated edge.
6. The apparatus of claim 3 further comprising a second broadband magnetic antenna apparatus comprising N lobes wherein
said lobes are substantially planar;
N is greater than or equal to two (N≧2); and
said second broadband magnetic antenna apparatus is substantially orthogonal to said first broadband magnetic antenna apparatus.
7. A broadband electric-magnetic antenna apparatus, said apparatus comprising:
a broadband electric antenna element and;
a broadband magnetic antenna element
said broadband electric-magnetic antenna apparatus further comprising a plurality of quadrature notches.
8. The apparatus in claim 7 further comprising a quadrature phase shifter.
9. The apparatus in claim 7 in which said broadband magnetic antenna element comprises N lobes wherein N is greater than or equal to two (N≧2).
10. The apparatus of claim 7 in which said plurality of quadrature notches is M quadrature notches and
where M is selected from the set consisting of two (2), three (3), four (4), five(5), and six (6).
11. A broadband chiral polarized transmitter system comprising:
a means for generating broadband quadrature signals; and
antenna means for radiating chiral polarized signals, said antenna means further comprising a plurality of quadrature notches.
12. The system of claim 11 wherein a means for generating broadband quadrature signals further comprises:
a means for generating in phase and quadrature carrier signals;
mixing means; and
a means for generating a plurality of baseband waveforms.
13. The system of claim 11 wherein said antenna means for radiating polarization diverse signals comprises a broadband electric-magnetic antenna apparatus, said apparatus further comprising:
a broadband electric antenna element and;
a broadband magnetic antenna element comprising N lobes wherein N is greater than or equal to two (N≧2), and wherein there is a common orientation of current circulation in the N lobes.
14. A broadband chiral polarized receiver system comprising:
antenna means for receiving chiral polarized signals; and
means for receiving broadband quadrature signals said antenna means further comprising a plurality of quadrature notches.
15. The system of claim 14 wherein said antenna means for receiving polarization diverse signals comprises a broadband electric-magnetic antenna apparatus, said apparatus further comprising:
a broadband electric antenna element and;
a broadband magnetic antenna element comprising N lobes wherein N is greater than or equal to two (N≧2), and wherein there is a common orientation of current circulation in the N lobes.
16. The system of claim 14 wherein said means for receiving broadband quadrature signals further comprise:
reception means for a first antenna signal;
reception means for a second antenna signal;
means for generating in phase and quadrature carrier signals;
mixing means;
and demodulation means.