Direct diode contact high power fiber optic laser system
Embodiments include a fiber optic laser system having at least one optical waveguide with a laseable core and a pump cladding disposed adjacent the lasing core. A source of electromagnetic pumping energy is disposed adjacent to the optical waveguide and has an emission axis that is directed toward the optical waveguide. An optically reflective surface is disposed towards the optical waveguide and may be configured as an enclosure disposed about at least a portion of the optical waveguide. An index matching material may be disposed within the enclosure and in contact with at least a portion of the optical waveguide.
1. An optical system, comprising:
at least one elongate optical waveguide comprising an optical fiber having a first end, a second end, a lateral outer surface, an elongate laseable core disposed therein which is substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of the elongate optical waveguide and a pump cladding disposed on and completely surrounding the laseable core; wherein a coating is disposed over the pump cladding;
a source of lateral electromagnetic pumping energy disposed adjacent to the optical waveguide and having an emission axis that is directed toward the lateral outer surface of the optical waveguide; and
an optically reflective surface disposed towards the lateral outer surface of the optical waveguide containing the laseable core to reflect substantially back toward the laseable core light which escapes the optical waveguide; wherein the reflective surface further comprises an optical dispersion surface that disperses laterally directed electromagnetic pumping energy that impinges on the dispersion surface into longitudinally directed modes.
2. The optical system of claim 1 wherein the reflective surface is configured as an enclosure disposed about at least a portion of the at least one elongate optical waveguide and wherein the optical system further comprises an index matching material disposed within the enclosure and in contact with at least a portion of the lateral outer surface of the at least one optical waveguide.
3. The optical system of claim 2 wherein the index matching material is selected from the group consisting of chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants, ethylene glycol, electronic coolants such as Fluorinert™, poly-alpha ollefins, alcohols, perchloroethylene and carbon tetrachloride.
4. The optical system of claim 2 wherein the at least one optical waveguide comprises about 5 to about 25 optical waveguides.
5. The optical system of claim 2 wherein the coating comprises a polymer.
6. The optical system of claim 5 wherein the polymer comprises acrylic.
7. The optical system of claim 2 wherein the pump cladding comprises silica glass.
8. The optical system of claim 7 wherein the pump cladding comprises fluorine doped silica glass.
9. The optical system of claim 2 wherein the laseable core has a substantially circular transverse cross section.
10. The optical system of claim 9 wherein the pump cladding has a substantially circular transverse cross section.
11. The optical system of claim 10 wherein a longitudinal axis of the laseable core is disposed eccentrically with respect to a longitudinal axis of the pump cladding.
12. The optical system of claim 2 wherein the pump cladding has a non-circular irregularly configured transverse cross section.
13. The optical system of claim 1 wherein the reflective surface comprises a flat surface.
14. The optical system of claim 1 wherein the reflective surface comprises at least one section having a concave surface configuration.
15. The optical system of claim 1 wherein the source of lateral electromagnetic pumping energy comprises a linear array of diode lasers wherein the emission axis of each of the diode lasers is substantially parallel and directed toward the at least one elongate optical waveguide.
16. The optical system of claim 15 wherein the linear array of diode lasers are disposed along a longitudinal length of an elongate substrate.
17. The optical system of claim 1 wherein the source of lateral electromagnetic pumping energy comprises a solid state diode laser.
18. The optical system of claim 17 wherein the solid state diode laser comprises an edge emitting diode laser.
19. The optical system of claim 18 wherein the diode laser is oriented with the fast axis aligned with the longitudinal axis of the waveguide.
20. The optical system of claim 18 wherein the diode laser is oriented with the slow axis substantially aligned with the longitudinal axis of the waveguide.
21. The optical system of claim 17 wherein the solid state diode laser comprises a vertical cavity surface emitting laser.
22. The optical system of claim 1 wherein the emission axis of the source of electromagnetic energy forms an incidence angle with a longitudinal axis of the optical waveguide of about 42 degrees to about 90 degrees.
23. The optical system of claim 1 wherein the laseable core comprises doped silica glass.
24. The optical system of claim 23 wherein the doped silica glass of the laseable core comprises a rare earth ion.
25. The optical system of claim 1 further comprising a Bragg grating disposed at one end of the at least one optical waveguide which is configured to selectively reflect a lasing wavelength of the laseable core of the waveguide.
26. An optical system, comprising
at least one elongate optical waveguide having a first end, a second end, a lateral outer surface, an elongate laseable core disposed therein which is substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of the elongate optical waveguide and a pump cladding disposed on the laseable core;
a source of electromagnetic pumping energy disposed adjacent to the optical waveguide and having an emission axis that is directed toward the lateral outer surface of the optical waveguide;
an optically reflective surface disposed towards the lateral outer surface of the optical waveguide and configured as an enclosure disposed about at least a portion of the at least one optical waveguide; and
an index matching material disposed within the enclosure and in contact with at least a portion of the optical waveguide.
27. A method of lasing a laseable core, comprising
providing an optical system having
at least one elongate optical waveguide having a first end, a second end, a lateral outer surface, an elongate laseable core disposed therein which is substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of the elongate optical waveguide and a pump cladding disposed on the laseable core,
a source of electromagnetic pumping energy disposed adjacent to the optical waveguide and having an emission axis that is directed toward the lateral outer surface of the optical waveguide,
an optically reflective surface disposed towards the lateral outer surface of the optical waveguide and configured as an enclosure disposed about at least a portion of the at least one optical waveguide, and
an index matching material disposed within the enclosure and in contact with at least a portion of the optical waveguide; and
energizing the source of electromagnetic pumping energy such that electromagnetic pumping energy travels from the source of electromagnetic pumping energy and penetrates the lateral outer surface of the optical waveguide.
28. The method of claim 27 wherein the source of electromagnetic pumping energy comprises a diode laser and energizing the source of electromagnetic pumping energy comprises applying electrical energy to the diode laser.