Nanoscale junction arrays and methods for making same
A nanoscale junction array includes an elongated nanowire and a plurality of elongated nanobelts. Each nanobelt has a proximal end and an opposite distal end. The proximal end of each nanobelt is attached to a different location on the nanowire. Each nanobelt extends radially away from the nanowire. A type of nanoscale junction array, a nanopropeller, includes an elongated nanowire and a plurality of elongated nanoblades. The nanoscale junction array is formed from Zinc Oxide using a metal vaporization process.
1. A nanoscale junction array, comprising:
a. an elongated nanowire; and
b. a plurality of elongated nanobelts, each having a proximal end and an opposite distal end, the proximal end of each nanobelt being attached to a different location on the nanowire, each nanobelt extending radially away from the nanowire.
2. The nanoscale junction array of claim 1 , wherein the elongated nanowire and the plurality of elongated nanobelts form a single crystal.
3. The nanoscale junction array of claim 1 , wherein each nanobelt extends radially away from the nanowire to form a wurtzite hexagonal structure.
4. The nanoscale junction array of claim 3 , wherein if the elongated nanowire is placed along a [0001] axis of a hexagonal coordinate scheme, then each of the plurality of elongated nanobelts will lie along an axis so as to have a symmetric orientation selected from a group comprising: ±[ 1 010], ±[0 1 10], or ±[ 11 20].
5. The nanoscale junction array of claim 3 , wherein if the elongated nanowire is placed along a [0001] axis of a hexagonal coordinate scheme, then each of the plurality of elongated nanobelts will lie along an axis so as to have a symmetric orientation selected from a group comprising: ±[2 11 0], ±[11 2 0], or ±[1 2 10].
6. The nanoscale junction array of claim 1 , wherein the proximal end of each nanobelt has a width of less than 100 nm and wherein the distal end of each nanobelt has a width in a range between 100 nm to 300 nm.
7. The nanoscale junction array of claim 1 , wherein the distal end of each nanobelt has a width of less than 100 nm and wherein the proximal end of each nanobelt has a width in a range between 100 nm to 200 nm.
8. The nanoscale junction array of claim 1 , wherein the elongated nanowire comprises zinc oxide.
9. The nanoscale junction array of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of elongated nanobelts comprises zinc oxide.
10. The nanoscale junction array of claim 1 , wherein the distal end of each of the plurality of elongated nanobelts terminates in a metal particle.
11. The nanoscale junction array of claim 10 , wherein the metal particle comprises tin.
12. A nanopropeller, comprising:
a. an elongated nanowire, having an elongated orientation; and
b. a plurality of elongated nanoblades, each having a proximal end and an opposite distal end, the proximal end of each nanobelt being attached to a different location on the nanowire, each nanoblade extending radially away from the nanowire, each nanoblade having an elongated dimension terminated by the proximal end and the distal end with an elongated length between the proximal end and the distal end, a width dimension transverse to the elongated dimension and transverse to the elongated orientation of the elongated nanowire and having a length that is less than the elongated length, and a depth dimension having a length that is less than the length of the width dimension.
13. The nanopropeller of claim 12 , wherein the width dimension of each nanoblade is greater at the proximal end that at the distal end.
14. The nanoscale junction array of claim 12 , wherein if the elongated nanowire is placed along a [0001] axis of a hexagonal coordinate scheme, then each of the plurality of elongated nanoblades will lie along an axis so as to have a symmetric orientation selected from a group comprising: ±[2 11 0], ±[11 2 0], or ±[1 2 10].
15. The nanoscale junction array of claim 12 , wherein the distal end of each elongated nanoblade has a width of less than 100 nm and wherein the proximal end of each nanoblade has a width in a range between 100 nm to 200 nm.
16. The nanopropeller of claim 12 , wherein the nanowire comprises a piezoelectric material that generates a voltage when the nanowire is twisted and further comprising:
a. a first electrical contact in electrical communication with a first location on elongated nanowire;
b. a second electrical contact in electrical communication with a second location on elongated nanowire, the second location being spaced apart from the first location and at least one nanoblade disposed between the first location and the second location; and
c. a circuit that senses a voltage between the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact, the voltage being indicative of an amount of twist in the nanowire.
17. The nanopropeller of claim 16 , wherein the nanopropeller is employed in a fluid flow detector and wherein the voltage indicates a rate of fluid flow.
18. The nanopropeller of claim 12 , wherein the nanowire comprises a piezoelectric material that twists as a function of a voltage applied thereto and further comprising:
a. a first electrical contact in electrical communication with a first location on elongated nanowire;
b. a second electrical contact in electrical communication with a second location on elongated nanowire, the second location being spaced apart from the first location and at least one nanoblade disposed between the first location and the second location; and
c. a circuit that generates a voltage between the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact, the voltage inducing twist in the nanowire, thereby inducing rotation of the nanoblades.
19. The nanopropeller of claim 18 , wherein the nanopropeller is employed in a fluid propulsion system and wherein rotation of the blades causes movement of a fluid.