Cell surface proteins and use thereof as indicators of activation of cellular signal transduction pathways
The present invention makes available a rapid, reproducible, robust assay system for screening and identifying pharmaceutically effective compounds that specifically interact with and modulate the activity of a cellular protein, e.g., a receptor or ion channel. The subject assay enables rapid screening of large numbers of compounds to identify those which act as an agonist or antagonist to the bioactivity of the cellular protein. In this system, the cell is treated with a compound, and functional interaction of this compound with a cellular receptor yields a detectable signal, which can be specifically measured. The subject assays include methods of identifying compounds which specifically modulate, for example, heterologous receptors coupled to the pheromone response pathway in yeast. The subject assays are particularly amenable to the identification of specific agonists and antagonists of G protein-coupled receptors.
1. A method for identifying a test compound that modulates a heterologous receptor in a MATα Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell, said method comprising: providing a MATα Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell which comprises a heterologous receptor that is functionally integrated into a pheromone response pathway of said cell, wherein said cell has the endogenous AGA1 gene deleted, such that the AGA2 protein is secreted upon activation of said pheromone response pathway; contacting said cell with a test compound; and detecting a change in the level of expression of said AGA2 protein, thereby identifying a test compound that modulates said heterologous receptor.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said detection step comprises: binding of said secreted AGA2 protein to a support; incubating said support with a detector molecule conjugated with a reporter moiety; and measuring the readout from said reporter moiety.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said support comprises streptavidin-coated SPA beads containing scintillant.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein binding of said secreted Aga2 protein to said support is mediated by a biotinylated antibody, wherein said antibody binds specifically to the secreted Aga2 protein and also to said streptavidin-coated bead.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein said detector molecule is the Sag1 protein.
6. The method of claim 2 , wherein said reporter moiety comprises a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of beta-lactamase, peroxidase, luciferas, and alkaline phosphatase.
7. The method of claim 2 , wherein said reporter moiety is a radiolabel.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein said radiolabel is 125 I or 3 H.
9. The method of claim 2 , wherein said readout measuring step comprises detection of emitted light.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said heterologous receptor is a G-protein coupled receptor.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said heterologous receptor is selected from the group consisting of melatonin receptor 1a, galanin receptor 1, nourotensin receptor, adenosine receptor 2a, somatostatin receptor 2, and corticotropin releasing factor receptor 1.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein said heterologous receptor is melatonin receptor 1a.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein said heterologous G-protein coupled receptor functionally couples to the endogenous yeast GPA-1 protein subunit.
14. The method of claim 2 , wherein said reporter moiety is a fluorophore.
15. The method of claim 2 , wherein said readout measuring step comprises a fluorescence polarization technique.