Method for grain refining of steel, grain refining alloy for steel and method for producing grain refining alloy
The present invention relates to a method for grain refining of steel. A grain refining alloy having a composition FeXY where X is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mn, Si, Ni, and Mo and where Y is one or more oxide and/or sulphide and or nitride and/or carbide forming elements selected from the group consisting of Ce, La, Nd, Pr, Ti, Al, Zr, Ca, Ba, Sr, Mg, C and N where X is between 0.001 and 99% by weight based on the weight of the alloy and where Y is between 0.001 and 50% by weight of the alloy, said alloy additionally containing between 0.001 and 2% by weight of oxygen and/or between 0.001 and 2% by weight of sulphur, said alloy containing at least 10 3 inclusion particles per mm 3 consisting of oxides and/or sulphides and/or carbides and/or nitrides of one or more of the Y elements and/or one or more of the X elements Cr, Mn and Si in addition to Fe, said inclusion particles having a mean diameter of less than 10 μm, is added to molten steel in an amount of between 0.01 and 5% by weight based on the weight of the steel, whereafter the steel is cast. The invention further relates to a grain refining alloy for steel and to a method for producing grain refining alloys.
1. Method for grain refining of steel, comprising:
providing a grain refining alloy having a composition FeXY where X is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mn, Si, Ni and Mo and where Y is one or more oxide and/or sulphide and/or nitride and/or carbide forming elements selected from the group consisting of Ce, La, Nd, Pr, Ti, Al, Zr, Ca, Ba, Sr, Mg, C and N where X is between 0.001 and 99% by weight based on the weight of the alloy and where Y is between 0.001 and 50% by weight of the alloy, said alloy additionally containing between 0.001 and 2% by weight of oxygen and/or between 0.001 and 2% by weight of sulphur;
quenching said alloy in a molten state such that said alloy contains at least 10 3 inclusion particles per mm 3 consisting of oxides and/or sulphides and/or nitrides and/or carbides of one or more of the Y elements and/or one or more of the X elements Cr, Mn and Si in addition to Fe, said inclusion particles having a mean diameter of less than 10 μm,
adding said quenched alloy to molten steel in an amount of between 0.01 and 5% by weight based on the weight of the steel; and
casting said steel.
2. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the FeXY alloy added to the molten steel contains at least 1% by weight of X elements.
3. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the FeXY alloy added to the molten steel contains 5 to 50% by weight Fe, 20 to 94% of the X elements, and 0.01 and 30% by weight of the Y elements and the content of oxygen and/or sulphur is between 0.01 and 1% by weight based on the weight of the alloy.
4. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the FeXY alloy added to the molten steel contains at least 10 5 inclusion particles per mm 3 where the said inclusion particles have a mean diameter of less than 2 μm.
5. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the grain refining alloy is added to the molten steel in an amount between 0.1 and 1.5% by weight based on the weight of steel.
6. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the grain refining alloy is added to the molten steel in a ladle or a tundish just before or during casting.
7. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the grain refining alloy is added to the molten steel in a casting mould.
8. An alloy having a particle size between 0.2 and 20 mm for grain refining of steel, wherein the alloy has a composition FeXY, where X is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mn, Si, Ni and Mo and where Y is one or more oxide and/or sulphide and/or nitride and/or carbide forming elements selected from the group consisting of Ce, La, Nd, Pr, Ti, Al, Zr, Ca, Ba, Sr, Mg, C and N, where said alloy contains between 5 and 50% by weight Fe based on the weight of the alloy, where X is between 20 and 94% by weight based on the weight of the alloy and where Y is between 1.51 and 30% by weight of the alloy, and said alloy additionally containing between 0.01 and 1% by weight of oxygen and/or between 0.01 and 1% by weight of sulphur, said alloy being produced by quenching said alloy in a molten state such that said alloy contains at least 10 3 inclusion particles per mm 3 consisting of oxides and/or sulphides and/or nitrides and/or carbides of one or more of the Y elements and/or one or more of the X elements Cr, Mn and Si in addition to Fe, said inclusion particles having a mean diameter of less than 10 μm.
9. Alloy according to claim 8 , wherein the alloy contains at least 10 5 inclusion particles per mm 3 where the said inclusion particles have a mean diameter of less than 2 μm.
10. Method for producing a grain refining alloy for steel, comprising the following steps:
providing a molten FeX alloy where X is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mn, Si, Ni and Mo, in an amount between 0.001 and 99% by weight of the base FeX alloy, the reminder except for impurities being Fe;
providing a FeXY alloy in molten or solid, particulate state where X is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mn, Si, Ni and Mo in an amount between 0.001 and 99% by weight of the FeXY alloy and where Y is one or more element selected from the group consisting of Ce, La, Nd, Pr, Ti, Al, Zr, Ca, Ba, Sr, Mg, C and N in an amount between 0.001 and 90% by weight of the FeXY alloy;
optionally adding an oxide and/or sulphur or a sulphur-containing compound to the molten FeX alloy to obtain between 0.002 and 4.0% by weight of O and/or between 0.002 and 4.0% by weight of S dissolved in the molten alloy;
mixing the molten FeX alloy and the molten or solid FeXY alloy in such amounts that it is obtained a resulting molten alloy consisting of 0.001 to 99% by weight of one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mn, Si, Ni and Mo, 0.001 to 50% by weight of one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ce, La, Nd, Pr, Ti, Al, Zr, Ca, Ba, Sr, Mg, C and N, 0.001 to 2% by weight of O and/or 0.001 to 2% by weight of S, the reminder except for normal impurities being Fe, and;
solidifying the resultant molten alloy by quenching to form a solid alloy having at least 10 3 inclusion particle per mm 3 consisting of oxides and/or sulphides and/or nitrides and/or carbides of one or more of the Y elements and/or one or more of the X elements Cr, Mn and Si, in addition to Fe, said inclusion particles having a mean diameter of less than 10 μm; and
crushing the solid alloy to yield particle having a size between 0.2 mm-20 mm.
11. Method according to claim 10 , wherein the molten FeX alloy and the molten FeXY alloy are heated to a temperature of at least 50 C above their melting points before the molten FeX alloy and the molten FeXY alloy are mixed.
12. Method according to claim 10 , wherein the molten FeX alloy is heated to a temperature of at least 50° C. above its melting point before the solid, particulate FeXY alloy is mixed with the molten FeX alloy.
13. Method according to claim 11 , wherein the mixing of the molten FeX alloy and the molten FeXY alloy is done by pouring the two melts simultaneously in such a way that the two melts are brought into intimate contact with each other.
14. Method according to claim 13 , characterized in that the pouring and mixing of the two melts are carried out in a closed chamber.
15. Method according to claim 10 , wherein the resulting molten alloy immediately after mixing is transferred to a separate holding ladle to promote slag/metal separation and for removal of any large inclusions before the melt is being quenched.