Dielectric microcavity fluorosensors excited with a broadband light source
A microresonator sensor apparatus has a microcavity resonator that defines equatorial whispering gallery modes (EWGMs), whose frequencies are separated by the free spectral range (FSR). The EWGMs lie in a plane perpendicular to a microcavity resonator axis. A light source is optically coupled to inject light into the microcavity resonator. The light source produces output light having an output spectrum whose bandwidth is approximately equal to or broader than the FSR of the EGWMs. One or more fluorescent materials are excited using the excitation light coupled into the microcavity resonator. A fluorescent signal arising from fluorescence of the one or more fluorescent materials is then detected.
1. A microresonator fluorosensor apparatus, comprising:
a microcavity resonator defining equatorial whispering gallery modes (EWGMs) whose frequencies are separated by the free spectral range (FSR), the EWGMs lying in a plane perpendicular to a microcavity resonator axis;
a light source optically coupled to inject light into the microcavity resonator, the light source producing output light having an output spectrum whose bandwidth is approximately equal to or greater than the FSR of the EWGMs;
a first photodetector disposed to detect light from the microcavity resonator; and
a second photodetector for detecting fluorescent light produced by a fluorescent material coupled to the microcavity resonator.
2. An apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the microcavity comprises a bulge-like microcavity resonator.
3. An apparatus as recited in claim 2 , wherein the bulge-like microcavity resonator is elongated along an axis, and further comprising a waveguide coupling the output light from the light source to the microcavity resonator.
4. An apparatus as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a first optical waveguide disposed to couple light from the light source to the microcavity resonator.
5. An apparatus as recited in claim 4 , wherein the first optical waveguide comprises a tapered optical fiber.
6. An apparatus as recited in claim 4 , wherein the first optical waveguide comprises a planar waveguide on a substrate.
7. An apparatus as recited in claim 4 , further comprising at least a first optical detector disposed to detect light associated with the first microcavity resonator.
8. An apparatus as recited in claim 7 , wherein the first optical detector is optically coupled to receive light propagating along the first optical waveguide from the microcavity resonator.
9. An apparatus as recited in claim 7 , wherein the first optical detector is disposed proximate the microcavity resonator so as to detect the light propagating through free space from the microcavity resonator.
10. An apparatus as recited in claim 7 , further comprising a second optical waveguide optically coupled to the microcavity resonator, wherein the first optical detector is optically coupled to receive light propagating along the second optical waveguide from the microcavity resonator.
11. An apparatus as recited in claim 7 , further comprising a wavelength selective element disposed to wavelength select light propagating to the first optical detector.
12. An apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the light source comprises a semiconductor laser.
13. An apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the light source comprises a light emitting diode.
14. An apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the bandwidth is at least equal to five times the FSR.
15. An apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the bandwidth is at least equal to ten times the FSR.
16. An apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the first photodetector detects light at the wavelength of the output light.
17. An apparatus as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a filter disposed to filter light reaching the second photodetector from the microcavity resonator.