Toner
In a toner comprising toner particles which comprise toner base particles containing at least a binder resin and a magnetic material, and inorganic fine particles, the toner base particles have been obtained through a pulverization step; and, the toner base particles having a circle-equivalent diameter of from 3 μm or more to 400 μm or less as measured with a flow type particle image analyzer have an average circularity of from 0.935 or more to less than 0.970; and the toner base particles have an average surface roughness of from 5.0 nm or more to less than 35.0 nm as measured with a scanning probe microscope. The toner can enjoy less toner consumption per sheet of images, can achieve a long lifetime in a smaller quantity of toner, and has superior developing performance in any environment.
1. A magnetic toner comprising toner particles which comprise toner base particles containing at least a binder resin and a magnetic material, and inorganic fine particles, wherein:
the toner base particles have been obtained through a pulverization step;
wherein, in wettability of the toner base particles to a methanol/water mixed solvent, the methanol concentration at the time the transmittance of light of 780 nm in wavelength is 80% and the methanol concentration at the time the transmittance thereof is 50% are from 35% by volume to 75% by volume;
the toner base particles having a circle-equivalent diameter of from 3 μm or more to 400 μm or less as measured with a flow type particle image analyzer have an average circularity of from 0.935 or more to less than 0.970; and the toner base particles have an average surface roughness of from 5.0 nm or more to less than 35.0 nm as measured with a scanning probe microscope; and
the magnetic material is used in an amount of from 20 parts by weight or more to 200 parts by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.
2. The magnetic toner according to claim 1 , wherein, in number-base particle size distribution of toner base particles having a circle-equivalent diameter of from 0.6 μm or more to 400 μm or less as measured with the flow type particle image analyzer, toner base particles of from 0.6 μm or more to less than 3 μm in diameter are in a percentage of from 0% by number or more to less than 20% by number.
3. The magnetic toner according to claim 1 , wherein toner base particles having a circularity of less than 0.960 is in a number cumulative value of from 20% by number or more to less than 70% by number.
4. The magnetic toner according to claim 1 , wherein the toner base particles have a maximum vertical difference of from 50 nm or more to less than 250 nm as measured with a scanning probe microscope.
5. The magnetic toner according to claim 1 , wherein the toner base particles have a surface area of from 1.03 μm 2 or more to less than 1.33 μm 2 as surface area of an area of 1 μm square of the particle surface as measured with a scanning probe microscope.