High thermal efficiency Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system
An emissions control system utilizes otherwise wasted heat to efficiently reduce emissions in a main exhaust flow. Heat stored in exhaust from an auxiliary generator (i.e., auxiliary exhaust) may be used to convert urea to ammonia used by a Selective Catalytic Reducer (SCR) system, and/or the auxiliary exhaust may be used to heat the main exhaust flow before entry into an SCR. Additionally, a heat exchanger may be used to transfer heat from a hot clean flow out of the SCR, to the main exhaust flow entering the SCR. Previously, mobile emissions control systems have not used SCR systems to reduce NOx because of the cost and space required for heater fuel. The efficient use of otherwise wasted heat reduces fuel cost and fuel storage requirements, and thereby makes an SCR systems feasible for use in mobile emissions control systems.
1. An emissions control system comprising:
a duct placing a distal source of a main exhaust flow in fluid communication with the emissions control system;
an auxiliary engine connected to provide power to the emissions control system and generating hot auxiliary exhaust; and
a mixing chamber in fluid communication with the duct for receiving the main exhaust flow and in fluid communication with the auxiliary engine for receiving the hot auxiliary exhaust;
a mixed flow generated in the mixing chamber and comprising a mixture of the main exhaust flow and the hot auxiliary exhaust, wherein the mixed flow is at a higher temperature than the main exhaust flow;
a high temperature clean gas output flow generated by processing the mixed flow in the emissions control system, wherein the high temperature clean gas output flow is at a higher temperature than the mixed flow; and
thermal communication for transferring heat from the high temperature clean gas output flow of the emissions control system to the mixed flow.
2. The emissions control system of claim 1 , wherein the hot auxiliary exhaust is added to the main exhaust flow to pre-heat the main exhaust flow before processing by a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system.
3. The emissions control system of claim 1 , wherein the thermal communication for transferring heat comprises:
a hot side heat exchanger in thermal cooperation with the clean gas output flow;
a cold side heat exchanger in thermal cooperation with the mixed flow;
a pipe connecting the hot side heat exchanger to the cold side heat exchanger; and
a fluid flowing from the hot side heat exchanger to the cold side heat exchanger through the pipe.
4. The emissions control system of claim 3 , wherein the fluid is a heat transfer fluid in a liquid state.
5. The emissions control system of claim 3 , further including:
a second pipe for cycling the fluid back from the cold side heat exchanger to the hot side heat exchanger; and
a pump for cycling the fluid between the heat exchangers.
6. The emissions control system of claim 3 , wherein the main exhaust flow is the main exhaust flow collected from the stack of a ship.
7. The emissions control system of claim 1 , wherein the distal source is a mobile emissions source exercising independent movement relative to the emissions control system during normal operation of the mobile emissions source.
8. The emissions control system of claim 7 , wherein the mobile emissions source is a ship.
9. The emissions control system of claim 1 , wherein the cooperation of the distal source and the emissions control system consists essentially of:
positionally coupling the distal source to the emissions control system for the transfer of the main exhaust flow from the distal source to the emissions control system; and
the transfer of the main exhaust flow from the distal source to the emissions control system.
10. A method for using waste heat generated in an emissions control system to provide heat required for operation of the emissions control system, the method comprising:
temporarily positionally coupling a normally mobile emissions source to the emissions control system, wherein the mobile emissions source is positionally uncoupled from the emissions control system during normal operation of the mobile emissions source;
temporarily connecting a duct between the mobile emissions source and the emissions control system to carry a main exhaust flow of the mobile emissions source to the emissions control system;
receiving the main exhaust flow through the duct to be processed by the emissions control system to reduce emissions in the main exhaust flow, wherein the main exhaust flow travels a distance from the mobile emissions source to the emissions control system and becomes cooled and requires heating before processing by the emissions control system;
providing power generated by an auxiliary engine to the emissions control system;
capturing hot exhaust gases produced by the auxiliary engine;
mixing the hot exhaust gases with the main exhaust flow to generate a mixed flow having a higher temperature than the main exhaust flow; and
processing the mixed flow by the emissions control system to generate a clean gas output flow from the emissions control system.
11. The method of claim 10 , further including mixing the hot exhaust gases with urea carried by the emissions control system to convert the urea to ammonia, and wherein mixing the hot exhaust gases with the main exhaust flow comprises mixing the hot exhaust gases and ammonia with the main exhaust flow to generate the mixed flow.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein processing the mixed flow by the emissions control system comprises processing the mixed flow using a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein temporarily positionally coupling a normally mobile emissions source to the emissions control system comprises temporarily positionally coupling the normally mobile emissions source comprising a ship to the emissions control system.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein temporarily connecting a duct between the mobile emissions source and the emissions control system includes positioning a bonnet over a stack of the ship to capture the main exhaust flow.
15. A main exhaust flow source and an emissions control system comprising:
a first mobile vehicle producing the main exhaust flow;
a second mobile vehicle capable of motion independent of the first mobile vehicle and carrying the emissions control system;
support apparatus carried by the second mobile vehicle;
a duct carried by the support apparatus, the duct disconnectably connectable to the first mobile vehicle to place the main exhaust flow from the first mobile vehicle in fluid communication with the emissions control system carried by the second mobile vehicle, the duct having a length sufficient to result in the main exhaust flow cooling to a temperature below a processing temperature required for processing by the emissions control system;
an auxiliary generator element of the emissions control system, the auxiliary generator carried by the second mobile vehicle and connected to provide power to the emissions control system;
hot auxiliary exhaust produced by the auxiliary generator;
a urea source carried by the second mobile vehicle, the urea source containing urea;
a reaction chamber element of the emissions control system, the reaction chamber carried by the second mobile vehicle and in fluid communication with the urea source to receive the urea and in fluid communication with the auxiliary generator to receive the hot auxiliary exhaust;
ammonia generated in the reaction chamber from the combination of the hot auxiliary exhaust and the urea;
a mixing chamber element of the emissions control system, the mixing chamber carried by the second mobile vehicle and in fluid communication with the reaction chamber for receiving the ammonia and the hot auxiliary exhaust, and in fluid communication with the duct for receiving the main exhaust flow;
a mixed flow generated in the mixing chamber and comprising the ammonia and the hot auxiliary exhaust mixed with the main exhaust flow;
a Selective Catalytic Reducer (SCR) system element of the emissions control system, the SCR system carried by the second mobile vehicle and in fluid communication with the mixing chamber for processing the mixed flow to reduce emissions in the main exhaust flow.
16. The system of claim 15 , wherein the support apparatus includes a moveable articulating arm reaching from the support apparatus toward the first mobile vehicle and carrying the duct for positioning the duct to disconnectably connect the duct to the first mobile vehicle to place the main exhaust flow from the first mobile vehicle in communication with the emissions control system.
17. The system of claim 16 , wherein the support apparatus further includes a tower reaching upwards from the second mobile vehicle and supporting the articulating arm.
18. The system of claim 15 , wherein:
the first mobile vehicle is a ship and the main exhaust flow is an exhaust flow from engines within the ship;
the duct connects the ship to the emissions control system carried by the second mobile vehicle; and
the length of the duct connecting the ship to the emissions control system is sufficient to result in the main exhaust flow cooling to a temperature below a processing temperature required for processing by the emissions control system.
19. The system of claim 18 , further including a bonnet attached to an end of the duct opposite the emissions control system, the bonnet is temporarily positionable over a stack of the ship to capture the main exhaust flow.
20. The system of claim 15 , wherein the first mobile vehicle is an Ocean Going Vessel (OGV) producing the main exhaust flow and the second mobile vehicle is selected from the group consisting of a barge and a small ship having a deck, and the support apparatus comprises a tower residing on the deck and reaching upwards to position the duct to connect to the OGV to place the main exhaust flow from the OGV in communication with the emissions control system, and the length of the duct connecting the OGV to the emissions control system is sufficient to result in the main exhaust flow cooling to a temperature below a processing temperature required for processing by the emissions control system.