Wastewater treating method and wastewater treating apparatus
There is here disclosed a wastewater treating technique for treating nitrogen compounds in a for-treatment wastewater by an electrochemical technique, wherein at least portions of a pair of electrodes is immersed in the for-treatment wastewater; a material of one electrode constituting an anode is an insoluble conductor; and a material of the other electrode constituting a cathode is an element in the group VIII of the periodic table, a conductor containing the element in the group VIII, or a conductor covered with the element in the same group or the conductor containing the element in the same group.
1. A wastewater treating method for treating nitrogen compounds in a for-treatment wastewater by an electrochemical technique comprising:
an ammonia removal treatment step of removing ammonia nitrogen produced in the for-treatment wastewater from the for-treatment wastewater, and
a phosphorus removal treatment step of switching polarities of the electrodes to treat phosphorus compounds in the for-treatment wastewater by an electrochemical technique,
wherein
at least portions of a pair of electrodes are immersed in the for-treatment wastewater,
a material of one of the electrodes constituting an anode is an insoluble conductor, and
a material of the other electrode constituting a cathode is an element in the group VIII of the periodic table, a conductor containing the element in the group VIII, or a conductor covered with the element in the same group or the conductor containing the element in the same group.
2. The wastewater treating method according to claim 1 , wherein the for-treatment wastewater is partitioned into a region of the one electrode constituting the anode and a region of the other electrode constituting the cathode by a cation-exchange membrane.
3. The wastewater treating method according to claim 1 , wherein hypohalogenous acid is added to the for-treatment wastewater in the ammonia removal treatment step.
4. The wastewater treating method according to claim 1 , wherein the material of the one electrode constituting the anode is a conductor capable of generating hypohalogenous acid, ozone or active oxygen by an electrochemical technique.
5. The wastewater treating method according to claim 4 , wherein after completion of the treatment according to claim 1 , polarities of the electrodes are switched, and phosphorus compounds in the for-treatment wastewater are treated by an electrochemical technique.
6. A wastewater treating method for treating nitrogen compounds in a for-treatment wastewater, wherein the for-treatment wastewater is partitioned into one region and the other region by a cation-exchange membrane, the method comprising:
a first treatment step in which at least a portion of a first electrode is immersed in the one region; at least a portion of a second electrode is immersed in the other region; the first electrode constituting an anode is a conductor; a material of the second electrode constituting a cathode is an element in the group VIII of the periodic table, a conductor containing the element in the group VIII, or a conductor covered with the element in the same group or the conductor containing the element in the same group; and the for-treatment wastewater is treated by an electrochemical technique, and
a second treatment step in which at least a portion of a third electrode is immersed in the other region; a material of the third electrode is a conductor capable of generating hypohalogenous acid, ozone or active oxygen by an electrochemical technique; the third electrode is used as the anode; the first electrode is used as the cathode; and the for-treatment wastewater treated by the first treatment step is treated by the electrochemical technique.
7. The wastewater treating method according to claim 6 , further comprising a third treatment step in which after completion of the second treatment step, the second electrode is used as the anode; the first electrode is used as the cathode; and phosphorus compounds in the for-treatment wastewater are treated by the electrochemical technique.
8. The wastewater treating method according to claim 4 , 5 , 6 or 7 , wherein the conductor capable of generating hypohalogenous acid, ozone or active oxygen by the electrochemical technique is a noble metal, a conductor covered with the noble metal, a ceramic conductor, a carbon-based conductor or a stainless steel.
9. The wastewater treating method according to claim 8 , wherein the ceramic conductor is a ferrite.
10. A wastewater treating apparatus for treating nitrogen compounds in a for-treatment wastewater, comprising a pair of electrodes which is at least partially immersed in the for-treatment wastewater and means for switching polarities of the electrodes to treat phosphorus compounds in the for-treatment wastewater by an electrochemical technique,
wherein a material of one of the electrodes is an insoluble conductor; a material of the other electrode is an element in the group VIII of the periodic table, a conductor containing the element in the group VIII, or a conductor covered with the element in the same group or the conductor containing the element in the same group; and
the one electrode is used as an anode; the other electrode is used as a cathode; and the for-treatment wastewater is treated by an electrochemical technique.
11. The wastewater treating apparatus according to claim 10 , wherein the material of the one electrode is a conductor capable of generating hypohalogenous acid, ozone or active oxygen by an electrochemical technique.
12. A wastewater treating apparatus for treating nitrogen compounds in a for-treatment wastewater, comprising:
a cation-exchange membrane for partitioning the for-treatment wastewater into one region and the other region,
a first electrode which is at least partially immersed in the one region, and
a second electrode and a third electrode which are at least partially immersed in the other region,
wherein a material of the first electrode is a conductor; a material of the second electrode is an element in the group VIII of the periodic table, a conductor containing the element in the group VIII, or a conductor covered with the element in the same group or the conductor containing the element in the same group; and a material of the third electrode is a conductor capable of generating hypohalogenous acid, ozone or active oxygen by an electrochemical technique;
the apparatus being adapted to perform a first treatment step in which the first electrode is used as an anode; the second electrode is used as a cathode; and the for-treatment wastewater are treated by the electrochemical technique, and
a second treatment step in which after completion of the first treatment step, the third electrode is used as the anode; the first electrode is used as the cathode; and the for-treatment wastewater is treated by the electrochemical technique.
13. The wastewater treating apparatus according to claim 12 , which is adapted to perform a third treatment step in which after completion of the second treatment step, the second electrode is used as the anode; the first electrode is used as the cathode; and phosphorus compounds in the for-treatment wastewater are treated by the electrochemical technique.
14. The wastewater treating apparatus according to claim 11 , 12 or 13 , wherein the conductor capable of generating hypohalogenous acid, ozone or active oxygen by the electrochemical technique is a noble metal, a conductor covered with the noble metal, a ceramic conductor, a carbon-based conductor or a stainless steel.
15. The wastewater treating apparatus according to claim 14 , wherein the ceramic conductor is a ferrite.
16. A wastewater treating method for treating nitrogen compounds in a for-treatment wastewater, wherein
at least portions of a pair of electrodes are immersed in the for-treatment wastewater,
a material of one electrode constituting an anode is a conductor capable of generating hypohalogenous acid, ozone or active oxygen by an electrochemical technique,
a material of the other electrode constituting a cathode is a conductor containing iron, and
a surface area of a portion of the other electrode which is at least immersed in the for-treatment wastewater is set to be larger than a surface area of a portion of the one electrode which is at least immersed in the for-treatment wastewater; and the for-treatment wastewater is treated by the electrochemical technique.
17. The wastewater treating method according to claim 16 , wherein after completion of the treatment according to claim 18 , polarities of the electrodes are switched; and phosphorus compounds in the for-treatment wastewater are treated by an electrochemical technique.
18. A wastewater treating method for treating nitrogen compounds in a for-treatment wastewater, comprising:
a first treatment step in which at least portions of first and second electrodes are immersed in the for-treatment wastewater; a material of the first electrode constituting an anode is a conductor; a material of the second electrode constituting a cathode is a conductor containing iron; a surface area of a portion of the second electrode which is at least immersed in the for-treatment wastewater is set to be larger than a surface area of a portion of the first electrode which is at least immersed in the for-treatment wastewater; and the for-treatment wastewater is treated by the electrochemical technique;
a second treatment step in which at least a portion of a third electrode is immersed in the for-treatment wastewater; a material of the third electrode is a conductor capable of generating hypohalogenous acid, ozone or active oxygen by an electrochemical technique, when the third electrode is used as an anode; a surface area of a portion of the third electrode which is at least immersed in the for-treatment wastewater is set to be larger than a surface area of a portion of the first electrode which is at least immersed in the for-treatment wastewater; and after completion of the first treatment step, the third electrode is used as the anode; the second electrode is used as the cathode; and the for-treatment wastewater are treated by the electrochemical technique.
19. The wastewater treating method according to claim 18 , wherein an operation transfers from the first treatment step to the second treatment step, when ammonia and ammonium ions in the for-treatment wastewater have reached predetermined concentrations.
20. The wastewater treating method according to claim 18 or 19 , further comprising a third treatment step in which after completion of the second treatment step, the third electrode is used as the cathode; the second electrode is used as the anode; and phosphorus compounds in the for-treatment wastewater are treated by the electrochemical technique.
21. The wastewater treating method according to claim 16 , 17 , 18 or 19 , wherein a stainless steel is used as the material of the other electrode or the second electrode.
22. The wastewater treating method according to claim 16 , 17 , 18 or 19 , wherein as the conductor capable of generating hypohalogenous acid, ozone or active oxygen by the electrochemical technique, there is used a noble metal or a conductor covered with the noble metal.
23. The wastewater treating method according to claim 16 , 17 , 18 or 19 , wherein as the conductor capable of generating hypohalogenous acid, ozone or active oxygen by the electrochemical technique, there is used a ceramic conductor or a conductor covered with the ceramic conductor.
24. The wastewater treating method according to claim 16 , 17 , 18 or 19 , wherein as the conductor capable of generating hypohalogenous acid, ozone or active oxygen by the electrochemical technique, there is used a carbon-based conductor or a conductor covered with the carbon-based conductor.
25. The wastewater treating method according to claim 16 , 17 , 18 or 19 , wherein as the conductor capable of generating hypohalogenous acid, ozone or active oxygen by the electrochemical technique, there is used a stainless steel or a conductor covered with the stainless steel.
26. A wastewater treating apparatus for treating nitrogen compounds in a for-treatment wastewater, comprising a pair of electrodes which is at least partially immersed in the for-treatment wastewater,
wherein a material of one of the electrodes is a conductor capable of generating hypohalogenous acid, ozone or active oxygen by an electrochemical technique; a material of the other electrode is a conductor containing iron; and a surface area of a portion of the other electrode which is at least immersed in the for-treatment wastewater is set to be larger than a surface area of a portion of the one electrode which is at least immersed in the for-treatment wastewater, and
the one electrode is used as an anode; the other electrode is used as a cathode; and the for-treatment wastewater is treated by the electrochemical technique.
27. The wastewater treating apparatus according to claim 26 , further comprising means for switching polarities of the electrodes to treat phosphorus compounds in the for-treatment wastewater by an electrochemical technique.
28. A wastewater treating apparatus for treating nitrogen compounds in a for-treatment wastewater, comprising first, second and third electrodes which are at least partially immersed in the for-treatment wastewater,
wherein the first electrode is a conductor; a material of the second electrode is a conductor containing iron; a material of the third electrode is a conductor capable of generating hypohalogenous acid, ozone or active oxygen by an electrochemical technique when the third electrode is used as an anode; and a surface area of portions of the second and third electrodes which are at least immersed in the for-treatment wastewater is set to be larger than a surface area of a portion of the first electrode which is at least immersed in the for-treatment wastewater,
the apparatus being adapted to perform a first treatment step in which the first electrode is used as an anode; the second electrode is used as a cathode; and the for-treatment wastewater is treated by the electrochemical technique; and
a second treatment step in which after completion of the first treatment step, the third electrode is used as the anode; the second electrode is used as the cathode; and the for-treatment wastewater is treated by the electrochemical technique.
29. The wastewater treating apparatus according to claim 28 , further comprising means for detecting ammonia and ammonium ions in the for-treatment wastewater, wherein when ammonia and ammonium ions in the for-treatment wastewater have reached predetermined concentrations, an operation transfers from the first treatment step to the second treatment step.
30. The wastewater treating apparatus according to claim 28 or 29 , which is adapted to perform a third treatment step in which after completion of the second treatment step, the third electrode is used as the cathode; the second electrode is used as the anode; and phosphorus compounds in the for-treatment wastewater are treated by the electrochemical technique.
31. The wastewater treating apparatus according to claim 26 , 27 , 28 or 29 , wherein a material of the other electrode or the second electrode is a stainless steel.
32. The wastewater treating apparatus according to claim 26 , 27 , 28 or 29 , wherein the conductor capable of generating hypohalogenous acid, ozone or active oxygen by the electrochemical technique is a noble metal or a conductor covered with the noble metal.
33. The wastewater treating apparatus according to claim 26 , 27 28 or 29 , wherein the conductor capable of generating hypohalogenous acid, ozone or active oxygen by the electrochemical technique is a ceramic conductor or a conductor covered with the ceramic conductor.
34. The wastewater treating apparatus according to claim 26 , 27 , 28 or 29 , wherein the conductor capable of generating hypohalogenous acid, ozone or active oxygen by the electrochemical technique is a carbon-based conductor or a conductor covered with the carbon-based conductor.
35. The wastewater treating apparatus according to claim 26 , 27 , 28 or 29 , wherein the conductor capable of generating hypohalogenous acid, ozone or active oxygen by the electrochemical technique is a stainless steel or a conductor covered with the stainless steel.